Under the framework of item response theory (IRT) and generalizability (G-) theory, this study examined the effects of item difficulty on rating reliability and construct validity on both the constructed-response (CR) items and essay items on English examinations. The data collected for this study were students' scores and responses on the two…

This study aims to adapt teachers' classroom practices for teaching thinking scale from Turkish to English culture. The scale includes 21 items. Each item has 5-point Likert type. It has 4 factors: Effectiveness of Teaching Thinking, Loyalty to Curriculum, Teacher Dependence and Encouraging Thinking. In the first step, statistical analyses were…

The present study was designed basically to develop a psycho-motor mechanism scale based on the theory of translation competence proposed by PACTE (2003), and then to assess the validity and reliability of the constructed scale. In this quantitative research, after designing the scale, two translation tasks were given to 90 M.A. students majoring…

Teaching thinking skills is core of the curriculum in many cultures. Although curricula have mutual points, the results were different from each other. Having different results of teaching thinking curriculums applied in different countries indicates importance of personal differences of teachers. Defining level of teacher's self-efficacy makes a…

The present study investigates the construct validation of Translation Competence Questionnaire (TCQ) in the context of Iran. For this purpose, one hundred ninety seven EFL learners, whose major was translation studies at Tabaran, Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran, were asked to participate in the study and fill in the questionnaire and…

With the increasing use of integrated tasks in assessing writing, more and more research studies have been conducted to examine the construct validity of such tasks. Previous studies have largely focused on reading-writing tasks, while relatively little is known about graph-writing tasks. This study examines second language (L2) writers'…