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What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Jia, Wenfeng; Zhang, Peixin – Language Testing in Asia, 2023
It is widely believed that raters' cognition is an important aspect of writing assessment, as it has both logical and temporal priority over scores. Based on a critical review of previous research in this area, it is found that raters' cognition can be boiled to two fundamental issues: building text images and strategies for articulating scores.…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, Cognitive Processes, Writing Evaluation, Evaluators
Taichi Yamashita – Language Testing, 2025
With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence (AI) frameworks (e.g., the generative pre-trained transformer [GPT]), a growing number of researchers have started to explore its potential as an automated essay scoring (AES) system. While previous studies have investigated the alignment between human ratings and GPT ratings, few…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Osama Koraishi – Language Teaching Research Quarterly, 2024
This study conducts a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of OpenAI's language model, ChatGPT 4, for grading Task 2 writing of the IELTS exam. The objective is to assess the alignment between ChatGPT's grading and that of official human raters. The analysis encompassed a multifaceted approach, including a comparison of means and reliability…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Artificial Intelligence
Ait Hammou, Brahim; Larouz, Mohammed; Fagroud, Mustapha; Akki, Fouad – Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics / Revue canadienne de linguistique appliquée, 2023
This study aims to examine the relationship between the productive knowledge of some lexical and phraseological indices and the quality of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' writing. A sample of 120 expository essays, written by semesters 1 and 5 university students in a less proficient EFL context, are rated by human evaluators and…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Writing Instruction
Ahmet Can Uyar; Dilek Büyükahiska – International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 2025
This study explores the effectiveness of using ChatGPT, an Artificial Intelligence (AI) language model, as an Automated Essay Scoring (AES) tool for grading English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' essays. The corpus consists of 50 essays representing various types including analysis, compare and contrast, descriptive, narrative, and opinion…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Computer Software, Technology Uses in Education, Teaching Methods
Lin, Rongchan – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2023
Communication in the real world often entails the interpretation, evaluation, and integration of content from different sources. However, it appears that the ability to integrate content into discourse has not been explicitly scored for in existing studies. This study operationalizes content integration in the analytic scoring of a…
Descriptors: Listening Comprehension Tests, Generalization, Chinese, Second Language Learning
Isbell, Daniel R.; Son, Young-A – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2022
Elicited Imitation Tests (EITs) are commonly used in second language acquisition (SLA)/bilingualism research contexts to assess the general oral proficiency of study participants. While previous studies have provided valuable EIT construct-related validity evidence, some key gaps remain. This study uses an integrative data analysis to further…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Imitation, Language Tests, Second Language Learning
Vasfiye Geçkin; Ebru Kiziltas; Çagatay Çinar – Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 2023
The quality of writing in a second language (L2) is one of the indicators of the level of proficiency for many college students to be eligible for departmental studies. Although certain software programs, such as Intelligent Essay Assessor or IntelliMetric, have been introduced to evaluate second-language writing quality, an overall assessment of…
Descriptors: Writing Evaluation, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Proficiency
Yuko Hayashi; Yusuke Kondo; Yutaka Ishii – Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 2024
Purpose: This study builds a new system for automatically assessing learners' speech elicited from an oral discourse completion task (DCT), and evaluates the prediction capability of the system with a view to better understanding factors deemed influential in predicting speaking proficiency scores and the pedagogical implications of the system.…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Japanese
Na Liu; Jeferd Saong – International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 2025
The study examined the use of the Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI) in assessing Chinese as a second language and the challenges faced by teachers in the Chinese Language Scholarship (CLS) program. The Concurrent Triangulation Mixed Method Research was used in the study in which qualitative and quantitative data are collected simultaneously,…
Descriptors: Chinese, Second Language Learning, Oral Language, Language Proficiency
Comparing Rating Modes: Analysing Live, Audio, and Video Ratings of IELTS Speaking Test Performances
Nakatsuhara, Fumiyo; Inoue, Chihiro; Taylor, Lynda – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2021
This mixed methods study compared IELTS examiners' scores when assessing spoken performances under live and two 'non-live' testing conditions using audio and video recordings. Six IELTS examiners assessed 36 test-takers' performances under the live, audio, and video rating conditions. Scores in the three rating modes were calibrated using the…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Audio Equipment, English (Second Language), Language Tests
Cox, Troy L.; Brown, Alan V.; Thompson, Gregory L. – Language Testing, 2023
The rating of proficiency tests that use the Inter-agency Roundtable (ILR) and American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) guidelines claims that each major level is based on hierarchal linguistic functions that require mastery of multidimensional traits in such a way that each level subsumes the levels beneath it. These…
Descriptors: Oral Language, Language Fluency, Scoring, Cues
J. Dylan Burton – Language Testing, 2024
Nonverbal behavior can impact language proficiency scores in speaking tests, but there is little empirical information of the size or consistency of its effects or whether language proficiency may be a moderating variable. In this study, 100 novice raters watched and scored 30 recordings of test takers taking an international, high stakes…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Ability, Language Fluency, Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency
Jin Soo Choi – ProQuest LLC, 2022
Nonverbal behavior is essential in human interaction (Gullberg, de Bot, & Volterra, 2008; McNeill, 1992, 2005). For second language speakers, nonverbal features can be helpful for successful and efficient communication (e.g., Dahl & Ludvigsen, 2014). However, due to the complexity of nonverbal features, language testing institutions have…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Language Proficiency, Videoconferencing, Second Language Learning
Kermad, Alyssa; Bogorevich, Valeria – Language Teaching Research Quarterly, 2022
The practice of second language (L2) speech perception has traditionally relied on equal-interval perceptual scales and novice listeners' (NLs) impressionistic judgments of constructs such as accentedness and comprehensibility (Munro & Derwing, 2011). However, issues have surfaced with respect to how well NLs can use these scales, whether they…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Second Language Learning, Intelligibility, Rating Scales