Publication Date
In 2025 | 4 |
Since 2024 | 16 |
Since 2021 (last 5 years) | 48 |
Since 2016 (last 10 years) | 86 |
Since 2006 (last 20 years) | 110 |
Descriptor
Independent Study | 126 |
Learning Processes | 126 |
Second Language Learning | 126 |
Second Language Instruction | 98 |
Foreign Countries | 86 |
English (Second Language) | 71 |
Teaching Methods | 58 |
Student Attitudes | 52 |
Personal Autonomy | 32 |
Computer Assisted Instruction | 28 |
Undergraduate Students | 27 |
More ▼ |
Source
Author
Lai, Chun | 3 |
Gao, Xuesong | 2 |
Jager, Sake | 2 |
Lowie, Wander | 2 |
Peng, Hongying | 2 |
Viberg, Olga | 2 |
Abdu Al-Kadi | 1 |
Abdul Alim | 1 |
Agol, Dorice | 1 |
Ahmad, Jameel | 1 |
Ahmed, Farhana | 1 |
More ▼ |
Publication Type
Education Level
Audience
Teachers | 6 |
Practitioners | 3 |
Researchers | 1 |
Location
Turkey | 12 |
China | 9 |
Japan | 7 |
Spain | 5 |
Hong Kong | 4 |
Indonesia | 4 |
Saudi Arabia | 4 |
Europe | 3 |
Canada | 2 |
Colombia | 2 |
Ecuador | 2 |
More ▼ |
Laws, Policies, & Programs
Assessments and Surveys
General Aptitude Test Battery | 1 |
International English… | 1 |
Motivated Strategies for… | 1 |
Self Directed Learning… | 1 |
Test of Word Reading… | 1 |
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Esther De Vrind; Fred J. J. M. Janssen; Jan H. Van Driel; Nivja H. De Jong – Modern Language Journal, 2024
In foreign language learning, it is important that learners become autonomous and learn how to self-regulate their learning to continue language development. This article presents a self-evaluation procedure designed to promote self-regulation in speaking skills in a foreign language. This self-evaluation procedure was tested in a…
Descriptors: Independent Study, Second Language Learning, Secondary School Students, Foreign Countries
Zixi Li; Curtis J. Bonk – Computer Assisted Language Learning, 2025
The research study explored online language learners' self-directed language learning (SDLL) experiences, benefits, motivations, and challenges when employing educational tools like Duolingo in an out of classroom context. To gain insights into SDLL, in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 10 Duolingo users were conducted. Study results…
Descriptors: Computer Software, Independent Study, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Min Ching Chen; Tak-Wai Chan; Yu Hsin Chen – Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 2024
Purpose: Podcasting is a new mobile technology application for language learning. Drawing upon the stimulus-organism-response model and the interest driven creator (IDC) theory from e-learning, this study aims to develop and test an integrative conceptual framework. This study investigates contextual and environmental stimuli effects (content…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Audio Equipment
Samane Chamani; Atefeh Razi; Ismail Xodabande – Discover Education, 2023
The current longitudinal case study investigated emotional and motivational states in a self-directed and mobile-assisted language learning environment. The participant of the study was a highly motivated language learner who used the Busuu application for a period of one year to learn German. Tracing the participant's emotional and motivational…
Descriptors: Independent Study, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, German
The Need for Optionality and Learning Guidance in Self-Access Audiovisual Language Learning Material
Mulling, Alessandra Belletti Figueira; Watkins, Peter – TESL-EJ, 2023
This research set out to evaluate video material contained within the English learning coursebook "English M1" which was designed for self-access use. "English M1" is a Brazilian government-sponsored piece of material available for free. It is the first stage of a course that learners would complete independently, unmediated by…
Descriptors: Independent Study, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)
Karen Nickel; Sarah Strauss; Megan Budke – American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, 2024
"Learner Feedback for Language Growth: A Guidebook for Evaluating Learner Work Through Performance Domains and Indicators" gives you concrete examples of the type of feedback that empowers your learners, making them eager to learn more and continue their growth in the language. Going far beyond simply training teachers to rate language…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Student Evaluation, Feedback (Response)
Ruofei Zhang; Di Zou – Computer Assisted Language Learning, 2024
Self-regulated learning has been frequently investigated and reported to be effective for second language education, so increasingly more researchers and educators have been interested in cultivating self-regulated second language learners. To assist researchers and educators, it appears beneficial to review previous studies concerning the…
Descriptors: Metacognition, Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning, Research Reports
Fatma Kimsesiz – Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 2023
Research on self-directed learning practices has ascertained various potential benefits of learner achievement. As mobile technology offers highly practical and portable usage for self-directed learning, studies on language learning practices through technology-based applications have become prevalent among adult learners. This study aimed to…
Descriptors: Independent Study, Higher Education, Foreign Countries, English (Second Language)
Maguatcher, Jeremie; Hulda, Grace; Ning, Ru – Online Submission, 2022
Since the end of the 20th century, autonomous learning has become a popular research topic in education and has received much attention from researchers. The acquisition of Chinese as a second language requires learners to practice autonomous learning and develop their language learning ability. The present study used the theory of autonomous…
Descriptors: Independent Study, Foreign Countries, Chinese, Second Language Learning
Md Abu Nayeem; Abdul Alim; Mohammod Moninoor Roshid – MEXTESOL Journal, 2025
Learning English as a foreign language (EFL) beyond the classroom is challenging in non-native English-speaking developing countries with limited resources. However, learning English beyond the classroom occurs in an informal way to support language learning for many autonomous or independent adult learners. This paper explores the habit of…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning, Learning Processes
Guangxiang Liu; Chaojun Ma; Jie Bao; Zhixin Liu – Computer Assisted Language Learning, 2025
Utilizing a structural equation modeling approach, this article aims to examine the dynamics between Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) and Intercultural Competence (ICC). Altogether, 1490 Chinese college students from different types of universities in China answered the self-developed and validated IDLE-ICC questionnaire. The results…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Intercultural Communication
Yurika Ito – JALT CALL Journal, 2024
As emerging technologies rapidly evolve, language teachers in the 21st century face an increasing challenge in determining how to integrate them into their language classrooms. The existing literature emphasises that a crucial element for successful technology integration is for teachers to hold sufficient proficiency in technology and adopt…
Descriptors: Technological Literacy, Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Language Teachers, Faculty Development
Leong Y. Jonathan; Ma Nang Laik – European Journal of Education (EJED), 2024
The importance of skills has been expounded repeatedly as a crucial factor to thrive in the workplace, as opposed to mere knowledge of content. It is important to be able to adapt to new situations; this is especially true in today's world, where volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA) are prevalent. To better prepare…
Descriptors: Experiential Learning, Learning Theories, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Ozer, Omer; Yukselir, Ceyhun – Language Awareness, 2023
This study explores the relationships between learner autonomy (LA), self-directed learning (SDL), goal commitment (GC) and academic achievement in English and also examines the scores which Turkish EFL learners obtained on selected measures according to demographic variables. The participants were 248 English-major Turkish undergraduate students.…
Descriptors: Goal Orientation, Personal Autonomy, Independent Study, Student Attitudes
Shintaku, Kayo – Foreign Language Annals, 2022
Due to its accessibility and popularity, anime has been explored as a motivation for learning Japanese and as a pedagogical tool linking Japanese-as-a-foreign-language (JFL) literacy practices inside and outside of the classroom. However, JFL learners' actual practices in anime-mediated self-directed learning have not been fully investigated.…
Descriptors: Independent Study, Japanese, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction