This paper argues that there is converging evidence for the pedagogical value of planning, repeating, and recycling activities in the language classroom. The paper is divided into three parts. Part one reviews field research done on this topic in Britain and finds some support for the proposition that planning fosters more complex language use and…

Explores aspects of successful foreign language teaching and learning that could be pertinent to the design of school policies; defines the current conception of "communicative competence"; discusses how cultural studies can be related to foreign language instruction; and describes a model policy developed during case studies across various…

This handbook was created to prepare teachers who will work in non-credit English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) programs that are typically offered as a part of a larger Adult Basic Education (ABE) program. The handbook is designed to help these teachers to know which skills are included in language learning, the relative importance of these skills,…