Examines the role of redundancy, as a universal linguistic feature, in language learning and teaching. (Author/AM)

Clues provided by redundancy in composition forms can help ESL students recognize and relate ideas in advanced reading. Points to cover in teaching are reading for ideas, clues in the formal environment and clues in idea development. Rules, examples and suggestions for application are discussed. (CHK)

The idea of reducing the redundancy of a verbal message in a statistical way is presented as a practiced technique of language testing. Considering the temporality of speech comprehension, and the necessarily sequential intake of information, these cues may include the serial order of elements and transitional probability. To give the background…

This quarterly newsletter contains articles on a variety of subjects relevant to teaching English as a second language. The first article concerns cloze procedures to test reading ability; the article includes a list of procedures in non-technical terms for teachers to follow. The second article discusses the use of games in teaching English as a…