Suggests an alternative to the traditional presentation of the tonal system in Chinese. Tones could be presented high-low (1,3) and rising-falling (2,4) instead of successively, since students have particular difficulty in this area. An acoustic and a statistical analysis is presented; the latter shows tonal distribution and frequency of…

The visual exposure method for teaching tonal modulation can be used in the classroom where aural exposure time cannot be increased. The use of musical notation is a workable technique to begin with, using flashcards. Each flashcard has a character and the musical note that is linked with it. (CFM)

Aspects of the Vietnamese language are introduced in this manual for inservice teacher training. The development of Vietnamese as it was influenced by other Austro-Asiatic languages is discussed. A brief modern history of the language emphasizes contact with Chinese, English, and French. The replacement of Chinese characters with the Roman…

This bibliography which covers a wide range of topics of interest to English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers and researchers is divided into three sections: (1) books, (2) articles, and (3) microfilms. Reference materials includes studies on Thai language and culture, anthropological and sociological references, various bibliographies,…

This programed text for learning to read Thai was originally designed for students having a grounding in Thai phonology and some facility with the language, but it has been made useful for students without this background by the inclusion of a summary of Thai phonology and the use of romanization. The text is organized according to the three…

Examines the interference of Cantonese on the levels of phonology, syntax and lexis in Mandarin Chinese. The article offers remedial suggestions, discusses the special needs of Cantonese students, and compares them to the needs of their English-speaking counterparts. (Author/KM)

This phonology workbook on the sounds of Mandarin Chinese accompanies a 3-volume set of textbooks for the language. The workbook provides illustrations of the articulation of the sounds and offers exercises and drills for practicing each sound. For related documents in this series, see FL 002 773, FL 002 774, FL 002 776, and FL 002 777. (VM)

This second year volume of a 3-year course in Chinese includes a textbook, vocabulary, and character lists. A student workbook has also been designed (see FL 002 777 ). The text provided dialogues and practice in vocabulary, translation, questions, writing, and language patterns. Ideas for homework are also included. The book is divided into…

This workbook accompanies the second volume (FL 002 776) of the Chinese text used in the Washington Foreign Language Program. It is organized according to the lessons in the companion textbook and provides vocabulary, substitution, pattern, transformation, translation, and expansion drills, and question and answer practice. For related documents…

The purpose of this guide is to: (1) point out those differences between Black Tai and English which will cause difficulties for the Black Tai-speaking students of English, and (2) outline the most effective ways of helping the student overcome these difficulties. The first section is a contrastive analysis of the phonologies of Black Tai and…

This book is intended as a practical introduction to the study of the Gwari language. Therefore, the descriptive analysis of the grammar of Gwari is made without recourse to technical language. The book is divided into 5 sections, dealing with: (1) phonology; (2) the noun phrase; (3) the verb phrase; (4) the sentence; and (5) vocabulary, in the…

This paper compares the tone systems of Vietnamese and English, with emphasis on the teaching of English as a second language. Rising, level, high, low, and falling tones are identified for English. Vietnamese has all of these except the last. While in Vietnamese, tones are predictable in the sense that tones and words go together, English tones…

This first volume of a 3-year course in Chinese includes a textbook, vocabulary, and character lists. A workbook has been designed for the text (see FL 002 773). Each lesson is divided into sections involving such learning devices as pronunciation drills, pantomime, questions and answers, pattern practice, stories vocabulary, dictation, dialogues,…

This introduction to elementary Yoruba is divided into two parts. The first section is on sound drills, and the second section concerns Yoruba greetings. The first part includes exercises to enable the student to master the Yoruba sound system. Emphasis is on pronunciation and recognition of the sounds and tones, but not memorization. A tape is…

This guide is intended to familiarize Americans with the basic structure of Hmong sentences and with words or phrases that may be useful with Hmong refugees. Hmong is represented in the Romanized Popular Alphabet. Following a general discussion of pronunciation and tone in Hmong, the structure of basic, compound, and complex sentences is…