The study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced gamification on learning outcomes and motivation in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts. A mixed-methods approach and quasi-experimental design were employed to compare the effectiveness of three instructional strategies: adaptive learning paths, conversational agents,…

Facilitated by the increased availability of affordable broadband Internet, individuals around the world are taking language lessons online from private tutors. A large proportion of online language tutoring takes place through online teaching platforms (OTPs), which are two-sided online markets that connect individual learners and tutors for…

Second language (L2) grammar learning is difficult. Two frameworks--the psycholinguistic lexical bottleneck hypothesis and the neurocognitive declarative/procedural model--predict that faster L2 lexical processing should facilitate L2 incidental grammar learning. We tested these predictions in a pretest-posttest syntactic adaptation study of…

Studies on washback of not only international standardized proficiency tests, but also localized high-stakes tests have been increasingly attracting considerable interest. The current study explores the washback effects of a Vietnam-made localized English proficiency test named "Vietnamese Standardized Test of English Proficiency, level…

This study analyses the perceptions of students when learning in an online language learning (OLL) environment using virtual classrooms. The main goals were to find out if students enjoy learning in this manner, if they perceive learning benefits and if they would recommend this method to others. A total of 15 OLL students participated in this…

Previous research has documented that seating arrangements have great impact on student's active engagement within classrooms. However, insufficient attention has been given to students' preferences for classroom seating arrangements and their engagement in college English language blended learning classrooms in higher education. Employing…

Our preferences and evaluations are often affected by contextual factors. One unavoidable context is language. We used an evaluative conditioning (EC) paradigm (pairing neutral stimuli with emotional or neutral stimuli) to investigate whether our evaluations are equally conditioned in a first (L1) and a second language (L2). An EC effect was…

Researchers in second language (L2) and education domain use different statistical methods to assess their constructs of interest. Many L2 constructs emerge from elements/parts, i.e., the elements "define" and "form" the construct and not the other way around. These constructs are referred to as emergent variables (also called…

In this article, a study is presented of two socially inclusive Language MOOCs undertaken by refugees and migrants as part of the MOONLITE project. Three research questions were formulated on the types of devices the students prefer to use for the courses, whether that choice affects course completion, and if the teaching practice influences…

Learners' achievements, motivation, and emotional states are closely linked to the roles and effectiveness of their teachers, while several challenges in foreign language classrooms hinder teacher efficacy. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to offer substantial solutions by addressing individual student needs, expectations, and…

The research paper examines current tendencies in implementing e-learning as an integral part of the educational process, particularly in foreign language learning in higher education. The scholar attempts to answer the following question: How can e-learning contribute to effective foreign language learning? We have identified how e-learning is…

The present study aims to explore the impact of mismatch between learners' media preference and media assigned to them on their learning performance. The participants were 214 adult Chinese e-learners enrolled for an English course, and were assigned to 6 groups based on their media preferences and the media assigned to them. A 2 × 3…

This study aims at identifying motivation toward English language learning among students of different fields of study. More specifically, it tries to identify the two types of motivation (integrative/ instrumental) among those students and also the preferred activities used by them. This study is qualitative and quantitative, which uses two types…

The study investigated the perceptions among non-English major students of autonomous language learning (ALL) of their responsibilities, ability to act autonomously, motivation to learn English, and autonomous activities within and outside of class. The data were collected using questionnaires and follow-up interviews. Nearly 300 students at a…

This paper reports a mixed-method study on the factors shaping language learning through didactic audiovisual translation. The aim is to analyse the determinants influencing the effective implementation of an integrative project, revealing the strengths and weaknesses of the learning process. Data from 172 students were gathered through initial…