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Yang, Chengsong – Language Testing in Asia, 2023
This study made triangulated use of eye-tracking and retrospective verbal reports (RVRs) to compare the banked gap-filling processes of two same-scorers and those of a top scorer and a bottom scorer. The two same-scorers differed in their cognitive effort on global and local processing, fluency of choice making, and strategy use when completing…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Reading Processes, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language)
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Mark Feng Teng; Yachong Cui – Journal of Research in Reading, 2025
Background: Vocabulary knowledge (VK) and morphological awareness (MA) are crucial linguistic variables for reading comprehension. However, the extent to which MA subskills are intertwined with different facets of VK in their contributions to reading comprehensions, and how MA influences the reading abilities of English as a foreign language (EFL)…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, Morphology (Languages), Reading Comprehension, Second Language Learning
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Hanon Junn – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2025
This evaluation report examines extensive reading (ER) speed and words read by students at a Japanese university using a digital ER platform called Xreading and compares them to standardized test reading performance using the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). The study focuses on first- and second-year students who…
Descriptors: Reading Tests, Reading Rate, Scores, Second Language Learning
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Jeffrey Stewart; Henrik Gyllstad; Christopher Nicklin; Stuart McLean – Language Testing, 2024
The purpose of this paper is to (a) establish whether meaning recall and meaning recognition item formats test psychometrically distinct constructs of vocabulary knowledge which measure separate skills, and, if so, (b) determine whether each construct possesses unique properties predictive of L2 reading proficiency. Factor analyses and…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, Psychometrics, Language Tests, Recall (Psychology)
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Tim Stoeckel; Liang Ye Tan; Hung Tan Ha; Nam Thi Phuong Ho; Tomoko Ishii; Young Ae Kim; Chunmei Huang; Stuart McLean – Vocabulary Learning and Instruction, 2024
Local item dependency (LID) occurs when test-takers' responses to one test item are affected by their responses to another. It can be problematic if it causes inflated reliability estimates or distorted person and item measures. The cued-recall reading comprehension test in Hu and Nation's (2000) well-known and influential coverage--comprehension…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning
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Kristie L. Calvin; Shelley Gray – Learning Disability Quarterly, 2024
The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a graphic organizer for improving the expository text comprehension of adolescent Spanish-English bilingual students with learning disabilities. Students were two females and one male. Using a multiple baseline single case design, researchers taught students to create a funnel map graphic…
Descriptors: Instructional Materials, Bilingualism, Spanish, English (Second Language)
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Ching-Ni Hsieh – ETS Research Report Series, 2023
Researchers suggest that claims about the meaningfulness of test score interpretations and consequences of test use should be backed by evidence that stakeholders understand the definition of the construct assessed (meaningfulness) and score reports (consequences). Evaluation of stakeholders' actual uses and interpretations of score reports in…
Descriptors: Reading Tests, Listening Comprehension, Foreign Countries, English (Second Language)
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Abduljalil Nasr Hazaea; Wagdi Rashad Ali Bin-Hady – Australian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 2025
In exam-oriented English as a Foreign Language (EFL) foundation program, achieving a balance between high-stakes testing and skill-based learning remains a challenge. This study examines the limited efficacy of timed reading activities (TRAs) in contexts where students prioritize test preparation over fluency-building practices. In line with the…
Descriptors: Reading Rate, Reading Comprehension, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
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Wei Yan; Nipada Trairut; Naruemon Sirawong – Journal of Education and Learning, 2024
This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of learning the Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK) 1 reading course through the Udemy platform and assess the learner's satisfaction with learning the Chinese course on the Udemy platform. The participants were 30 zero-foundation learners with minimal exposure to basic Chinese expressions and were randomly…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Reading Tests, Language Tests
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Samaranayake, Sarath W.; Kositchaivat, Suneeta; Jantarach, Vachira – Arab World English Journal, 2022
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of reading habits among college level foundation Omani students and their impact on the participants' performance in tests. The study used a qualitative and quantitative research method in which 70 participants from the foundation level were included. A survey questionnaire was used…
Descriptors: Reading Habits, Foreign Countries, Undergraduate Students, Student Attitudes
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Ha Van Le; Long Quoc Nguyen – Research in Comparative and International Education, 2024
This study conducted a comparative analysis of critical reading skills among engineering students at private universities in Malaysia and Vietnam, using the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) reading framework. Involving 182 undergraduates, the research included a quantitative critical reading test followed by statistical…
Descriptors: Critical Reading, Cross Cultural Studies, Foreign Countries, Achievement Tests
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Kakvand, Rokhsareh; Aliasin, Seyed Hesamuddin; Mohammadi, Elham – Reading Psychology, 2022
Top-down and bottom-up reading processes have attracted attention from researchers in ESL/EFL teaching/learning. However, the role of these processes and their combination in L2 vocabulary learning and retention still needs further research. Given this, this study sought to consider their role in L2 vocabulary learning and retention by Iranian EFL…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Vocabulary Development, Retention (Psychology), Second Language Learning
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Dirix, Nicolas; Vander Beken, Heleen; De Bruyne, Ellen; Brysbaert, Marc; Duyck, Wouter – Reading Research Quarterly, 2020
The authors investigated how eye movements are influenced by different reading goals in participants' first (L1) and second language (L2). Participants read or studied the contents of texts while their eye movements were recorded. One group was asked to read L1 and L2 texts as they would read any expository text (informational reading). Another…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Eye Movements, Second Language Learning, Reading Motivation
Stephanie B. Moore – ProQuest LLC, 2024
This three-manuscript dissertation attempts to answer the question: "How does students' English language proficiency (ELP) inform the availability, structure, and use of English language accommodations and intervention to support the academic achievement of English learner (EL) students?" The question is addressed using three independent…
Descriptors: English Language Learners, Language Proficiency, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
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Liao, Ray J. T. – Language Testing, 2023
Among the variety of selected response formats used in L2 reading assessment, multiple-choice (MC) is the most commonly adopted, primarily due to its efficiency and objectiveness. Given the impact of assessment results on teaching and learning, it is necessary to investigate the degree to which the MC format reliably measures learners' L2 reading…
Descriptors: Reading Tests, Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
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