This study investigates the longitudinal development of language attitudes towards Catalan and Spanish over a five-year period in the transition from primary to secondary education of a sample of students (N = 1,143) in Catalonia and Aragon. Two research questions were investigated: (1) How do language attitudes develop over time? and (2) How do…

Children and youth from refugee backgrounds have complex language experiences owing to their journeys away from their homelands often taking them through multiple contexts. This study was motivated by a desire to better understand the language resources of students newly arrived as refugees in Australia and their embodied and contextualised…

Minority schools in Greek Thrace implement a model of bilingual education in primary and secondary education, where half of the lessons of the curriculum is taught in Greek and the other half, in Turkish. Although, at an institutional level, the bilingual character of the minority schools in Thrace is clearly defined regarding both legal…

This article compares metalinguistic awareness among emerging bilingual and multilingual learners of English in Norwegian primary school. Participants were 120 students in grades 5-7 (aged 10-13) attending mainstream English classes in Norway and were divided into three groups based on a linguistic background questionnaire: an L1 Norwegian group,…

The Office of English Language Acquisition (OELA) has synthesized key data on English learners (ELs) into two-page sheets on a variety of subjects. This fact sheet focuses on: (1) Most Common Languages Spoken by English Learners (Excluding Spanish and English): Fall 2020; (2) Number of Reported Arabic-Speaking English Learners: 2008 through 2020;…

Language is often regarded as one of the characteristics of interaction-based observed race, and heritage language is no exception. Considering the bilingual cultural environment of the Chinese community in Australia, this research analyses the language-ethnic identity relationships of Chinese-Australian adolescents. Drawing on in-depth…

Background/purpose: Indonesian uses Latin script, so students whose first language background (L1) is a non-Latin language will experience difficulties in understanding it. The purpose of this study is to explore the similarities and differences in the problems faced by Indonesian students (L2) with a non-Latin background (L1) and students with a…

Form-Focused Instruction (FFI) has been extensively studied, yet past experimental results are often inconsistent or even contradictory. Overly simplistic examinations of grammatical complexity and learner characteristics (e.g., L2 English proficiency) may have fueled the confusion, limiting understanding of how different FFI techniques can be…

This study explored early grades teachers' professed beliefs about mathematics, language, and Emergent Bilinguals (EBs). The research question was: what are early grades teachers' professed beliefs about mathematics, language, student thinking, students' out-of-school experiences, and students' home and everyday language practices, in particular…

This study investigated English first language (L1) speakers' motivation for learning Chinese as a second language (L2) in Australia and the links of underlying motivational components to learner sociobiographical (e.g. gender and reasons for learning) and language learning variables (i.e. experience abroad, hours of self-study, and speaking with…

Many special education teachers (SETs) report feeling unprepared to meet the language and literacy needs of emergent multilingual learners (EMLs). As such, it is important to consider the role of teacher educators, whose knowledge is related to their teacher candidates' knowledge. Therefore, we have conducted a survey study investigating SET…

Literacy and mathematics have been shown to be related to each other across languages, ages, and levels of proficiency (e.g., [5, 11, 6, 19, 29, 35, 39, 43, 46, 49, 53, 57]). More specifically, math instruction is further complicated and becomes more difficult when occurring in a non-native language of instruction (e.g., [2, 8, 16, 18, 20, 31, 41,…

Although language learners' knowledge of second language (L2) speech acts is postulated to be substantially influenced by learner variables, there is little empirical evidence of the influence of pragmatic motivation (PM) and willingness to communicate (WTC). To address this gap, this study sought to investigate the impact of PM and WTC as two…

This qualitative study examines strategies used by children in a kindergarten dual language immersion (DLI) class, when enacting and negotiating intersecting social constructions such as ethnicity, social class, and bilingualism. Drawing on data collected during the 2017-2018 academic year, this paper uses an intersectional lens to describe the…

Despite the growing number of heritage language (HL) learners in language courses, the interaction between second language (L2) and HL learners has not been fully explored in the research, and thus, it still remains unclear whether mixed (L2-HL) or matched (L2-L2, HL-HL) dyads are more beneficial for language learning. This study investigates…