Research indicates that high-immersion virtual reality (VR) has several unique affordances for language learning that contribute to learning outcomes, such as boosting learners' confidence, engagement, and motivation. However, little is known about the extent to which VR promotes language skills, in particular learners' verbal interaction using a…

Background: As a recently emerging innovative technology, augmented reality (AR) has become a popular tool for language learning. However, to date, very few meta-analytical studies has been conducted on AR in this field to understand its effectiveness on language learning. Objectives: This meta-analysis was conducted to systematically synthesize…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in the educational context, particularly chatbotics, has made significant changes in learning English. This mixed-methods study is intended to explore university students' attitudes toward the potential role of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted mobile applications. Meanwhile, the role of social presence…

The purpose of this systematic review was three-fold: (a) to convey technology-assisted language learning (TALL) affordances that facilitate catering to the nonlinearity and dynamicity of the second language (L2) motivational factors, (b) to identify TALL challenges that inhibit the integration of educational technologies to enhance L2 motivation…

This quasi-experimental research investigated the efficacy of applying the Society 5.0 concept to establish game-based learning on Metaverse Space for undergraduates in an international program in Bangkok, Thailand. The study was conducted in a Thai public university's international college with a population of six classes of junior university…

This study was conducted to explore the effects of an augmented-reality (AR) creative project on English L2 learners' perceptions of creativity, as well as to investigate how to stimulate students' learning motivation. The AR project was developed and integrated into the course syllabus of a university English class, and 39 Taiwanese freshmen…

The current mixed-methods study aimed at incorporating a virtual reality (VR) tool (i.e. Google Expeditions) into the writing process of Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) learners, examining its impact on their writing motivation and performance. To that end, 42 EFL learners were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups,…

Reading comprehension is critical and challenging for the English learning process. EFL (English as Foreign Language) learners often do not understand the meaning of the text due to the lack of an authentic learning context. This easily leads learners to read literally without deeply understanding. To address this issue, an article-structure…

The first part of the paper offers the characteristics of the affective variables of willingness to communicate, motivation, language anxiety and boredom as located within the framework of the complex dynamic systems. The second part aims to discuss the results of a study intended to examine the effect of "Second Life" on two English…

This comparative study aimed to investigate the effects of an Augmented-Reality Game-Based Learning application, "StemUp," on the English learning performance and motivation of distinct rural and urban groups of young EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners. Multiple sources of data collection were employed, including pre- and…

Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) have been undergoing a quantum leap in foreign language training applications. Department of Defense (DoD) military and civilian linguists have traditionally been reluctant to speak the target language in Defense Language Institute (DLI) and National Cryptologic School (NCS) language enhancement classes. This…

Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) have been undergoing a quantum leap in foreign language training applications. Department of Defense (DoD) military and civilian linguists have traditionally been reluctant to speak the target language in Defense Language Institute (DLI) and National Cryptologic School (NCS) language enhancement classes. This…

Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) have been undergoing a quantum leap in foreign language training applications. Department of Defense (DoD) military and civilian linguists have traditionally been reluctant to speak the target language in Defense Language Institute (DLI) and National Cryptologic School (NCS) language enhancement classes. This…

Learning a foreign language requires interaction with language input while involved in a task. Given that problem-based learning (PBL) offers hands-on application in realistic contexts, and that virtual reality (VR) enables learners to interact with multiple modalities of information, this study examines how the integration of VR technology into…

Augmented reality (AR) is capable of providing students with proper situated scaffolding via overlaying rich media objects on the real-world learning context. This paper examines the potential of AR to address existing problems with insufficient scaffolding in video learning materials for English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. Thus, an AR…