Despite the critical role of reasoning in shaping language teaching and learning strategies in higher education, prior studies have either separately examined reasoning or focused on one specific type thereof and language teaching and learning strategies. To address this gap, this study took a comprehensive approach by examining various types of…

This qualitative study investigated the perceptions of prospective teachers on critical thinking (CT) skills before and after completing the Functional English (FE) course at the Bachelor of Education Honors (B.Ed. Hons) and Associate Degree in Education (ADE). A purposive sampling technique was employed to select 40 participants, with eight…

Self-assessment and reflective thinking (RT) can arm learners to monitor and evaluate their learning progress. Despite the long history of the core of self-assessment (CSA) and RT, little is known about how they may contribute to learner enjoyment (LE) and learner immunity (LI). Therefore, the current research attempted to propose a model to…

Few empirical research has attempted to determine the impact of Intelligent Computer-Assisted Language Assessment (ICALA) in philosophy-based language instruction (PBLI) on critical thinking, self-evaluation, and academic resilience, despite the significant role that higher-order thinking skills play in influencing English as a Foreign Language…

Digital education with mobile technology is becoming a global trend. This study considers language teachers' challenges related to open distance teaching in higher education. Twenty-eight university lecturers participated in the semi-structured interviews and expressed their opinions on how mobile technologies impacted the nature of teaching and…

Asking activity is a form of class interaction that needs attention. With the asking activity, it can increase the questioner's knowledge. This study aimed to identify the questions form that filed by teachers and students in the classroom following the framework of thinking mandated in the revised Bloom Taxonomy and to explore the problems faced…

Thinking quality is one of the important parts of the core competencies of English courses at senior high schools in China, indicating the cognitive ability and level of thinking in logical, critical, and innovative aspects. This study attempts to integrate the development of cognitive skills into reading instruction, showing how to immerse…

Teachers are constantly involved in the act of decision-making in every moment of the classroom. These decisions are underpinned by pedagogical reasoning, which entails situated knowledge about particular teaching episodes and is reconstructed through teaching practice. The present case study sought to explore the pedagogical reasoning skills that…

An approach to solving complicated and multileveled issues, design thinking offers strategies for secondary and higher education curricula innovation. Recent scholarship on the teaching and learning of world languages and cultures (WLC) has focused on some of the design thinking aspects: innovation, interpersonal connection, and creativity.…

This research addresses the role of the constructivist approach in teaching Arabic at the al-Falah Islamic boarding school, Banjarbaru. This research used a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and participatory observation as data collection methods. The results showed that the constructivist approach to learning Arabic at Pesantren…

Introduction: Among its contemporaries, the updated Bloom's taxonomy is perhaps the most widely used cognitive process model. It is a categorization paradigm that emphasizes the cognitive levels beginning with remembering the information and progressing to more complicated levels such as producing the knowledge. Education psychologists want to…

We propose a previously unexamined factor instrumental in learning vocabulary accounting for the differences between learning a native and a foreign language: the development of critical thinking in adolescence. We hypothesize that the difficulties experienced in foreign vocabulary development result from the learner's readiness to question new…

Incorporating higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in the process of the teaching and learning becomes a demand of the 21st century as well as the latest senior high school curriculum in Indonesia. Hence, this study aimed to know the role of the teachers and the textbooks to promote HOTS in EFL classes. The research was a case study and took place…

This paper presents a research framework for investigating the role of language use in mathematics learning. The paper draws on the wider M[superscript 2]EID study, which explores whether differences in languages (English and Irish) and their use by bilingual mathematical students have a differential impact on their mathematics meta-level…

The study analyses the scope and role of Bloom's Taxonomy (1956) in reforming teaching-learning practices in the classroom by employing a systematic balance of questions from both the lower and higher domains of learning in the summative assessment. Thus, this study analyses the annual question papers designed by the Boards of Intermediate and…