Singapore is an ethnically, linguistically, and culturally diverse nation-state that has always practiced deliberate language policy and planning. The bilingual education policy, introduced shortly after the young nation's independence has led to the emergence of English-knowing bilinguals who are proficient in both English and their ethnically…

Providing instruction in a student's home language through bilingual education has proven to be academically beneficial for multilingual learners (MLLs). The present study contributes to this literature by examining the possibilities and limits of a professional development program (Mathematics and Language Literacy Integration [MALLI] in Dual…

Teaching in urban peripheral setting presents notable challenges. As English is currently recognized as a medium of communication and proficiency on a global scale, it is one of the specific subjects taught in school which undoubtedly has its own issues. This study investigates the difficulties facing EFL teachers in urban peripheral primary…

Online (OL) second language (L2) courses are becoming more widely offered in the United States; however, little information exists about the effectiveness of OL L2 courses beyond one semester or course. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess Spanish students' oral proficiency after completing one year of OL only L2 courses. At the end…

This study examined (a) the effects of metacognition and proficiency on EFL reading performance and (b) the relation of metacognition and EFL reading performance. Data were collected by Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) and reading scores were examined. By variance analyses, we found that reading scores and metacognitive knowledge show…

Single word items have usually been the unit of analysis for measuring L2 learners' vocabulary size, for designing word lists and for estimating word coverage of reading texts. However, what is lost in these estimates is the consideration of multiword expressions, such as idioms. To empirically test the assertion that the knowledge of single word…

Elicited imitation tasks (EITs) have been shown to be a valid, reliable, and practical method for establishing second-language (L2) oral proficiency across a variety of languages. Nevertheless, research that has validated existing EITs has most often explored a narrow range of learner proficiencies or has examined how well the EIT distinguishes…

The number of individuals undertaking IELTS has continued to grow in recent years, standing at approximately 3 million candidates per year in 2016. As a result, this high-stakes, high-pressure test has become firmly entrenched as a global gatekeeping institution, regulating the international flows of people for migration and academic study. This…

Addressing themes from the Douglas Fir Group's (2016) transdisciplinary framework, this paper bridges boundaries between cognitive and social disciplines by showing how social contextual factors can affect the psycholinguistic development of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) in learner language. Sociolinguistic and sociocultural frameworks…

Translation from source language (L1) to target language (L2) and/or vice versa plays an important role for language learners since they tend to use translation in order to understand and interpret the language utterances. Perspectives towards the use of translation in foreign language teaching and learning process have changed over the time. As…

The focus of the classroom karaoke study was to determine if singing could help Japanese EFL students improve their English pronunciation skills. Five students from a private English language school in Japan were the main participants. They ranged in age (from 20-50) as well as in English proficiency level (from beginning to advanced). After the…

Background: The underperformance of South African learners in literacy and numeracy is a source of concern, especially when learners move from Grade 3 to Grade 4. Aim: This article reflects on the reading and comprehension challenges of English language learners (ELLs) in the Grade 4 2013 mathematics Annual National Assessments (ANAs). Setting:…

This article reports the first attempt to test the relevance of buoyancy--the capacity to overcome the setbacks, challenges, and pressures that are part of the ordinary course of school life--for instructed second language (L2) learning. Questionnaire data from 787 college-level L2 learners in South Korea assessed their academic buoyancy and a set…

Gerunds lead to great simplicity and functionality in the Turkish language while increasing the expressive power, enabling the expression to become more concise and fluent. In the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR, henceforth), an accepted guide in teaching Turkish as a foreign language, the correct and effective use of…

In British Columbia's K-12 schools, five years of funded English Language Learning support is frequently not enough to help English language learners fully develop their English language proficiency. This critical analysis examines the literature on metacognition and language learning to find practical metacognitive instructional features to equip…