While extensive research has been conducted on L2 motivation in the Hungarian context, more studies need to be focused on international students beginning to learn Hungarian while studying in Hungary. This article offers an explanatory investigation into the motivational dispositions influencing the learning of Hungarian as a second language (L2)…

Learner engagement has been the focus of a growing amount of research in recent years both in general educational psychology and the field of second language acquisition (SLA). However, while recent contributions on learner engagement in language classrooms have provided valuable insights, the field is still only at the early stages of…

Promoting English as a foreign language (EFL) students' reading comprehension, improving their reading motivation, and reducing their anxiety have always been the focus of EFL researchers. Educational board games have gradually received attention from educators. Various studies have found that board game-based teaching can improve students'…

Gaelic is an endangered language, but the traditional music associated with it thrives. Among individuals committed to learning Gaelic as a heritage language who also engage in traditional music-making, intense experiences shape the connection between language and music. The present study examines the connection between intensely motivating 'flow'…

The present study explored how negative emotional orientations (i.e., anxiety, boredom, and demotivation) may contribute to English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' willingness to communicate (WTC) in in-person and online classes. In doing so, a total of 290 university students majoring in English were recruited to fill in a set of scales.…

This study explores the impact of mobile learning applications on the vocabulary acquisition, motivation, and engagement of Iraqi ESP medical students. This study was conducted with 60 students from Meisan University, who were randomly divided into an experimental group using the Quizlet mobile application and a control group following traditional…

The process of any language learning is a complex construction of objectives. Any goal is influenced by internal or external factors such as motivation, culture, previous experiences, attitudes, etc. This study aims to recognize and understand the distinct learners' attitudes during their learning progress. This research is conducted as a case…

Engagement with online media among learners is closely linked to language proficiency and cultural comprehension, offering a platform for enhancing English language skills. This has given rise to the field of online informal learning of English (OILE), with numerous studies exploring learners' habits in this domain and indicating positive impacts…

Digital games and related technologies are increasingly transcending their traditional boundaries, as evidenced by the expanding field of serious and pervasive games. The concept of "gamification" represents the latest phase in this evolution, referring to the integration of game-like elements into nongame contexts to enhance user…

Current theories about learning a second language might not fully explain why people want to learn languages other than English (LOTE) in the context of globalization and multilingualism. This study adopted and adjusted Huang's (2021) motivational dimensions for LOTE learners, specifically focusing on those who learn LOTE as a third language (L3),…

High engagement and supportive social networks appear to promote L2 sociolinguistic development. This study investigates the relationship between these two constructs and their influence on Quebec French learners' use of two informal features: "ne" deletion and first-person "on"; and two geographically conditioned features:…

Building on the control-value theory, the present study examined the independent and joint predictive effects of three emotions--enjoyment, anxiety, and boredom--on L2 achievement over time. The participants of the study were a group of junior secondary English learners in rural China, a population that has hitherto never featured in L2 learning…

Background: The reciprocal internal/external frame of reference (RI/E) combines two models of academic self-concept formation, namely the reciprocal effects model (REM) and the internal/external frame of reference (I/E) model. The REM assumes reciprocal relations between achievement and academic self-concept. The I/E model assumes contrast effects…

This study sought to investigate the relationship between language mindsets and grammar learning strategies and grammatical performance among English as L2 and L3 learners. Moreover, this study examined fixed and growth language mindsets across gender and language groups. The sample included 320 (N[subscript L2] = 160, N[subscript L3] = 160)…

Flow is an intrinsic motivational state associated with full task engagement, positive affect, and enhanced performance. While research has examined how different language tasks interact with flow experiences, no study has examined learner flow experiences in a wide range of tasks using an experience sampling method to determine how universal…