It is well known to anyone involved in teaching English to Finnish students that it is difficult for Finns to distinguish between English /ptk/ and /bdg/. This second volume in a series on a Finnish-English contrastive project reports on a study which attempted to obtain more concrete knowledge about the ability of speakers of Finnish to use the…

This volume is the second part of a revision of the 1968 edition of "Elementary Modern Standard Arabic." Part Two begins the transition to the intermediate level of Arabic. Lessons 31-40 anticipate the format of the intermediate text in that the new vocabulary of each lesson is introduced in preparatory sentences, which present the item…

The educational system of Finland is undergoing great reform, and one change is for compulsory inservice teacher education. This study is concerned with inservice education of foreign language teachers. Dimensions of rote-meaningful learning and reception-discovery learning are discussed; teachers preferred the meaningful-discovery type. It seems…

The foreign student in an American university must be able to communicate in English, orally and in writing, well enough to do college-level academic work. The college or university which admits foreign students has the responsibility either to require a certain level of English proficiency or to provide the means for the student to get the…

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to teachers' classroom language as a variable in the formal learning process. The language used in class by teachers assumes additional importance in formal second language learning situations, where the target language as used by the teacher is not only the means for conveying content, but also…

Stresses the need to synthesize techniques and methodologies, and to establish a central focus for beginning and intermediate programs of foreign language education in schools, higher education, and adult education programs. General conclusions and priorities are also offered. (EJS)

Suggests that small group instructional methods in the adult language classroom can accomplish the task at hand and also bring about interaction and real communication among the students and, therefore, significant learning. Small group instructional methods are presented and discussed. (EJS)

Four essays present (1) a method for teaching the use of the quantitative adverbs to French students who are salespersons; (2) use of a cartoon as the starting point for practicing grammatical patterns; (3) ideas for teaching students to write letters or cards in French; and (4) humourous errors in French usage. (AM)

This article suggests criteria for evaluating listening comprehension tests. The weaknesses of typical test items are discussed and suggestions for new types of items are given. (CFM)

A description of a course which allowed the foreign language student to speak personally with other speakers of the language. The development of the course, its actual on-the-air material, the language development of the students enrolled in the course, and the critique of the course by the students are discussed. (Author/AMH)

Effective teaching of a foreign language to people who already have a command of their mother tongue requires surveying the main elements of the second language to determine differences from the first language. Phonological, lexical, and grammatical systems and cultural differences are considered. (SW)

This paper first explores the treatment of women in materials in current use for English as a second language (ESL) and then discusses English words labelled as prejudicial against women (e.g., generic "he"). Changes are suggested for reducing the bias in the portrayal of women in ESL materials. (CFM)

A study based on two hypotheses: (1) The cognitive and academic effects of bilingualism are mediated by the levels of competence attained in the first and second languages, and (2) the development of skills in a second language is a function of skills already developed in the first language. (AMH)

An account of the origin, development, production and contents of a series of films intended for training teachers of French as a foreign language in many parts of the world. An annotated list of the films and suggestions for their use are included. (Text is in French.) (AMH)

Provides statements from the following persons concerning the problem of having too much material in the textbook to cover and ways teachers can cope with it: Anthony Gradisnik, Joan Miller, Lorraine A. Strasheim, Rebecca M. Valette, and Helen P. Warriner. (RM)