Information units (IUs) have been proposed as a way of grading students' notes. However, little work has been done to validate and check the reliability of such an approach. This study explores how teacher-researchers (TRs) use information units (IUs) to rate content items in students' listening notes using a rubric. Data were collected from six…

We believe that is culturally situated. In this conceptual article, we problematize some of the phrasing used for prosody indicators and explore how three of the most spoken languages in the United States (other than English) enact aspects of prosody when reading. We probe potential linguistic and sociocultural implications and contribute to the…

Measurement of language learners' development in speaking proficiency is important for practicing language teachers, not only for assessment purposes, but also for evaluating the effectiveness of materials and approaches used. However, doing so effectively and efficiently presents challenges. Commercial speaking tests are often costly, and beyond…

Some previous researchers attempted to bridge the gap between two bodies of research: the role of metacognitive knowledge in second language (L2) writing and L2 collaborative writing (CW). Although recent studies unveiled the positive impacts of learners' metacognitive knowledge on L2 collaborative writing, there is not yet consensus regarding the…

This technical manual describes the purpose and intended uses of the TOEFL iBT test, its target test-taker population, and relevant language use domains. The test design and scoring procedures are presented first, followed by a research agenda intended to support the interpretation and use of test scores. Given the updates to the test starting…

In the rapidly evolving language education landscape, integrating innovative pedagogical approaches is essential to meet the diverse needs of learners. This study explores the efficacy of a Micro-Learning Media with Station Rotation Blended Learning Model (MLM-SRM) in enhancing the Japanese communication skills--specifically speaking, listening,…

Recent studies on argumentative writing prioritize linguistic and textual features over structural or content aspects, and students' development in argumentation skills has received little attention. This longitudinal study examined EFL students' development in argumentative writing, including the overall writing quality, argument structure, and…

This research uses Bloom's taxonomy in English-language writing and speaking skills assessment rubrics. A descriptive qualitative research method was adopted, and data were collected through observations, interviews, and English major students' course grades. Five lecturers and 25 students participated in the research, and the findings revealed…

Duolingo has been collecting feedback from education users for the past seven years in order to make the app useful as a classroom tool, in addition to its ongoing use in informal learning settings. To understand teachers' experiences about Duolingo for classroom and to understand further measures recommended to strengthen the platform for…

The upsurge of ICT media and hybrid modalities for learning that stemmed from the world health crisis seem to be destined to stay. In this new paradigm, self-assessment processes have acquired an even more relevant role in the teaching learning process than they already had. Due to the myriad of academic online resources and information at their…

The impact of self- and peer-assessment strategies (assessment as learning) on the development of writing skill of EFL learners is a research area requiring more research studies. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of language assessment literacy enhancement (LALE) on Iranian high school English as Foreign Language (EFL) students'…

This study aims to examine whether differences exist in the factors influencing the difficulty of scoring English summaries and determining scores based on the raters' attributes, and to collect candid opinions, considerations, and tentative suggestions for future improvements to the analytic rubric of summary writing for English learners. In this…

Accompanying the recent rise in cautious popularity surrounding Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen-AI), some language educators are exploring innovative linguistic interactions with Gen-AI. Seeking to add a literature approximation to such criticism, this article explores two activities that feature Gen-AI in undergraduate literature courses.…

Classroom language assessment aims to gather various types of information related to student language learning and use and use it to inform a range of formative-summative decisions, including how to provide feedback to help students improve their learning efficacy, what teaching adjustments are needed, and whether students have demonstrated their…

As student creativity is increasingly emphasized in English as a Foreign Language education, it is necessary to consider instructional techniques to encourage it. This study examines the effectiveness of two instructional techniques on creative writing performance of English as a Foreign Language students in a South Korean university. These…