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Grenoble, Lenore A.; Whaley, Lindsay J. – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2021
This paper outlines a new model of language revitalisation that understands language to be a characteristic of a nexus of social activities rather than an independent object. Language use is one of an overall set of factors contributing to the wellbeing of a particular community. Our model treats language as one node (or a cluster of nodes) in a…
Descriptors: Language Maintenance, Language Usage, Language Role, Language Skill Attrition
Platt, John; Weber, Heidi – Language Learning and Communication, 1982
Discusses the distinctions between the acquisition of a second language and of a foreign language. Proposes a tridimensional model for all varietal manifestations of foreign, second, and native language acquisition. Describes Singapore English and the English used by a group of Chinese-medium educated Singaporeans in terms of the model. (EKN)
Descriptors: Creoles, English (Second Language), Language Acquisition, Language Proficiency
Stanley, John; And Others – 1990
A study of the importance of foreign language skills to the success of Australia's business and industry in exporting to non-English-speaking countries is reported. The study has three parts. The first describes a telephone survey of 50 Australian companies requesting information on crucial factors in export marketing and employee language needs,…
Descriptors: Business Administration, Educational Needs, Foreign Countries, Global Approach
Folkes, Karl C. – 1993
A discussion of the education of West Indian immigrant students in the New York City public schools focuses on identification and assessment of this population's needs. It is noted that West Indian students represent the fastest-growing immigrant population in the city, but no educational policy has been established in the city or state to address…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary Education, Identification, Immigrants
Singleton, David – TEANGA: The Irish Yearbook of Applied Linguistics, 1995
Research on the role of age in second language (L2) learning, particularly at the level of primary education, is reviewed and discussed. It is concluded that evidence suggests early L2 exposure increases chances of ultimately attaining a high proficiency level in that language, but that in formal educational situations any long-term advantage will…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Articulation (Education), Educational Objectives, Elementary Education
Ingram, D. E. – 1996
The principal stimulus for language policy in Australia since 1990 has been economic development, particularly for promotion of international trade. Surveys show that Australian industry tends to be hesitant to enter new markets, and to focus on markets in the English-speaking world despite low growth potential. However, business and industry are…
Descriptors: Business Communication, Educational Needs, Educational Policy, Foreign Countries
Huang, Jiafen – 1998
A group of three studies investigated sources of learning difficulty in 18 current or former foreign graduate students with limited English skills whose native language was Chinese, and compared the findings with those for a similar group of 14 native English-speaking graduate students. Students were asked seven questions about their first year of…
Descriptors: Anxiety, Classroom Communication, Cognitive Processes, Communication Skills
Weiping, Wu – 1991
Problems in the testing of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) are examined, focusing on proficiency testing needs and test standardization. Particular attention is paid to listening and reading assessment. The first part of the discussion looks at specific problems with five existing proficiency tests, including such aspects as inadequacy of the…
Descriptors: Chinese, Cultural Context, Language Proficiency, Language Role
King, Ann, Ed.; Thomas, Gareth, Ed. – 1989
A set of materials compiled for use in British schools and designed to provide information for students, teachers, administrators, and counselors concerning the relationship between second language knowlege and careers is presented in this packet. It consists of the following items: (1) a collection of essays for teachers on languages and careers,…
Descriptors: Career Choice, Careers, Course Selection (Students), Education Work Relationship
1991
A study of the nature, extent, and effectiveness of foreign language education in the Soviet Union is presented. Research methodology consisted of reading available literature and a panel discussion wiht three Soviet language teaching specialists, then review of a draft report by additional specialists from Moscow and the United States. The report…
Descriptors: Educational History, Educational Philosophy, Elementary Secondary Education, Evaluation Criteria

Kinginger, Celeste – Modern Language Journal, 1998
Analysis of French used in teleconferences between American and French university students, relative to technical and discursive dimensions and learners' Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), found much of the language used was beyond these learners' capability, due to heightened classroom anxiety and differences in language varieties used by…
Descriptors: Classroom Communication, College Students, Comparative Analysis, Discourse Analysis
Brindley, Geoff – 1991
Problems associated with criterion-referenced language testing are discussed in the context of both standardized proficiency testing and classroom assessment. First, different interpretations of criterion-referencing are examined. A range of approaches for defining criteria and performance levels in second language assessment are outlined, and…
Descriptors: Communicative Competence (Languages), Competency Based Education, Criterion Referenced Tests, Evaluation Criteria
Seshadri, C. K.; Allen, J. P. B. – 1979
The difference between "foreign language learning" and "second language learning" is not clear because writers do not agree on the criteria to be used in making the distinction. Moreover, there is a lack of empirical evidence to justify the use of the two terms. The purpose of this study is: (1) to review the various criteria…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Applied Linguistics, English (Second Language), Language Attitudes
Baker, Colin – 1995
In a question-and-answer format, the guide responds to common queries about bilingualism in children. The first section poses and answers questions about family issues and bilingualism, including family communication, support of language development, cultural and social context for language development, social integration, and parent language…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Bilingual Education, Bilingualism, Classroom Communication
Labarca, Angela, Ed.; Bailey, Leslie M., Ed. – 1990
Papers from the symposium on applied linguistics include: "Roles in the Foreign Language Classroom" (Robert J. DiPietro); "The Importance of Native Language in Light of Second-Language Studies" (Alexander Z. Guiora); "A Model of L2 Text Reconstruction: The Recall of Literary Text by Learners of German" (Elizabeth B.…
Descriptors: American Sign Language, Applied Linguistics, English (Second Language), Foreign Countries
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