Early calculating methods and devices are discussed. These include finger products, the abacus, ancient multiplication algorithms, Napier's bones, and monograms. (MP)

Discusses an algorithm from Vedic mathematics that has similarities to FOIL and the standard algorithm for multiplication. (Author/NB)

Algorithms for generating random numbers are discussed along with disadvantages. A program for a programable calculator is given that overcomes those disadvantages. (MP)

Shortcuts to use when performing operations with the calculator are given. Algorithms discussed include reciprocals, powers, parentheses, infinite series, and synthetic division. (MP)

Suggests and illustrates ways in which systematic consideration of selected unary operations can be facilitated by using electronic calculators. Emphasis is placed upon unary operations suitable for exploration and investigation at the pre-algebra level, using calculation algorithms as a basis for generating examples and non-examples to develop…

The calculator is used to explore the distributive property of a unary operator over a binary operator. This is an extension of an earlier paper. The emphasis is on student discovery of the property for various combinations of the operators. Instructional material contained in the report include a reference sheet of questions for potential…

A method for finding any integral root of a number using a four-function calculator is given, along with a justification of the method and root-finding exercises. (MN)

The concept of prime factorization is discussed and two rules are developed: one for finding the number of divisors of a number and the other for finding the sum of the divisors. (MP)

A method is presented for determining cube roots on a calculator with square root facility that has a rapid rate of convergence. (MP)

Solutions to difficult equations are illustrated with numerical techniques that can be used easily on calculators. Flowcharts and programs for computers and calculators are included. (MP)

Investigating properties and characteristics of unary operations is shown to be facilitated by using calculators. Several avenues for instructional exploration are suggested and examples given. These include questions relating to relations, inverses, commutativity, distributivity, and iterations. A discussion of the calculator algorithm for…

This study of seventh graders investigated the use of the calculator in learning conversion algorithms among fractions, decimals, and percents. The calculator was successful with some topics but not with others. (MP)

Shows how to model Newton's method for approximating roots on a spreadsheet. (MKR)

The calculator is used to investigate properties and characteristics of certain unary operations. These include how a number is related to the number resulting from a unary operation and the result of two unary operations. A discussion of the calculator algorithm to accomplish a series of unary operations is given. Record sheets to summarize…

Some insights are provided into techniques for removing the mystery of how calculators evaluate functions. (Author/MK)