The nonparametric approach to test theory discussed here has its roots in the early work of Guttman, Lazarsfeld, and Meredith; and more recently in the work of Cliff and in Tatsuoka and Tatsuoka. Mokken's extensive treatment of this subject concentrated on defining, constructing, and testing unidimensional scales, based on responses to dichotomous…

Reviews the limited research on computer software alternatives to actual dissection in biology instruction. Concludes that research should include larger more representative samples; higher priority on psychometrically sound instrumentation; a paper-based comparison group; a design that carefully considers attitude; and practical measures to…