The latest reforms to the GCSE Subject Content attempt to bring languages in line with other subject areas through a quantification of the material that needs to be learnt and a focus on the linguistic system, to the detriment of the broader communicative aims associated with 'knowing a language'. This article suggests that the reforms expose a…

This study examines apparently similar historical phenomena in 19th-century Prussia and Switzerland: the establishment of modern foreign languages in the curriculum of upper-secondary education. Through the course of the 19th century, there appear to have been great transnational European affinities with regard to both the differentiation of the…

Argues that (1) English should be a compulsory foreign language in Finnish schools; (2) options to teach subjects in foreign languages should be expanded; and (3) the variety of foreign language choices in rural areas of Finland should be enlarged. (SK)

Recognizing that the task of those who teach the humanities is now to identify the common ground on which persons can gather to make responsible judgments about the quality of life in light of past traditions and the competing demands of the future, this collection of essays explores the changing definition of humanistic studies and their current…

The processes and outcomes of the first stage in developing a new vocational education and training curriculum in Poland are discussed. Origins of the change initiative, the system context, and the role of the committee charged with setting standards and evaluating the curriculum are outlined. Implications for modern language training,…

Discusses relationship of language conflict and political conflict. Uses a case study of the attempt to establish a bilingual secondary school in Wales to illustrate various conflicts that arise over the implementation of policy already agreed upon in principle. Concludes that developments and conflict related to bilingualism are locally specific.…

This manual presents the Foresee Approach for teaching English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) at the secondary school level in Manitoba, Canada. The name refers to four C's: Communication; Cognitive-academic language development; and Content instruction in the Classroom. An introductory chapter offers background information on purpose and rationale of…

This paper describes the historical development of the Japanese language program in Hawaiian elementary and secondary schools, and the curriculum materials development that accompanied it. The growth of Hawaiians' interest in and awareness of their Japanese background and cultural heritage is cited as one reason for the increase in Japanese and…

The general goal of this guide is to add a new dimension to the junior high school curriculum in French and Spanish. It is planned as a guide for the implementation of lessons to make students aware that knowledge of a foreign language plays an increasingly important role in many occupations. Three programs were developed around three clusters of…

Dickinson College (Pennsylvania) has established an immersion language program for high school foreign language teachers at its French, Spanish, and German overseas sites. The program focuses on political and cultural life, history, art, industry, and preparation of a new curriculum to implement at home. Greater self-confidence and more classroom…

The handling of this survey was intrusted to Dr. Leonard V. Koos, of the University of Chicago. With great skill he has, working on a full-time basis during his free quarters from the University of Chicago and part time during other quarters, brought it to a conclusion. This manuscript was prepared by Helen M. Eddy, associate professor of romance…