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Raven, Ronald J. – Science Education, 1987
Discusses a study which compared differences in ratio construction made by high school freshman and junior students. Reports that more freshmen than juniors selected solutions involving one variable, whereas juniors chose solutions that coordinated two variables in a mathematical or verbal rule. Reviews implications in problem solving and concept…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Formal Operations, Instructional Improvement

Scruggs, Marie M. – Science and Children, 1988
Reviews recent research addressing the problem of matching students' cognitive levels to science textbooks. Suggests that most texts are written above the level of the students for whom they are written. Promotes experiential learning at the middle level and concentration on "right thinking" rather than on "right answers." (CW)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Elementary School Science, Elementary Secondary Education, Formal Operations
Piburn, Michael D.; Baker, Dale R. – 1988
While logical reasoning skills are related to success in science, the relationship between thought and formal logic is not clear. Propositional Logic Test (PLT), error patterns of students' interpretations of logical proposition, and developmental patterns of the error type are described. Examined is the relationship between logical reasoning…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Measurement, Cognitive Tests, Foreign Countries

Adey, Philip; Shayer, Michael – Physics Education, 1988
Attempts to show that not only can density be taught to lower ability pupils but that by doing so, there is the possibility of assisting pupils to develop their reasoning powers. Lists teaching activities that help in this process. (CW)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes

Shemesh, Michal – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1990
Investigated were gender-related differences in the relationship between the development of formal reasoning skills and learning interests during the early adolescent stage. Results indicated that adolescent boys appeared to develop patterns of formal reasoning before their female classmates. Differences in subject preferences were also found. (CW)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Females, Foreign Countries, Formal Operations
Han, Jong-Ha – 1986
This paper describes a study designed to investigate the development of scientific reasoning or logical thinking patterns of South Korean secodary school students. The scientific reasoning or logical thinking patterns were categorized into patterns of logic such as seriation, combinations, proportion, control of variables, probability, and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Measurement, Cognitive Processes, Foreign Countries
Renner, John W. – 1986
A teaching procedure and a curriculum construction model known as the learning cycle is described in this paper and research findings are discussed. Questions investigated include: (1) would students achieve more content understanding if taught with the learning cycle or exposition?; (2) would more content retention be evident if measurements were…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Elementary School Science, Elementary Secondary Education

Adey, Philip; Shayer, Michael – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1990
The effect of intervention lessons designed to accelerate the development of formal operations taught over a period of two years to adolescents was assessed. Results indicated that the experimental group had achieved a significantly greater gain in cognitive levels than the control group. Implications are discussed. (CW)
Descriptors: Acceleration (Education), Cognitive Development, Developmental Stages, Elementary School Science
Bitner, Betty L. – 1989
The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the developmental patterns in logical reasoning of students in grades 6-10 over a span of 20 months. The Group Assessment of Logical Thinking (GALT) was administered to the sample (N=84) during the fall of 1986, the fall of 1987, and the spring of 1988. The GALT measures six reasoning modes:…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Concept Formation, Conservation (Concept)

Niaz, Mansoor – Journal of Chemical Education, 1987
Reports on a study intended to establish a relationship between the M-space (mental energy) and the M-demand (the variable difficulties of Piagetian tasks presumed to entail the same logical structure) of different items of general chemistry. Recommends that chemistry teachers consider the role of cognitive factors in determining student success.…
Descriptors: Chemistry, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, College Science
Bednarek, Laurie J. – 1991
Previous research concerning the cognitive abilities of high school students has indicated that a substantial number of students enrolled in secondary science courses do not conceptualize at the formal-operational level. Further, results indicate that achievement levels in chemistry coursework are significantly affected by, not only cognitive…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Chemistry, Classroom Techniques, Cognitive Ability

Shamai, Ruth; Stavy, Ruth – Journal of Chemical Education, 1986
Describes a study which was designed to determine the effect of a 25-hour introductory qualitative analysis course on high school students' understanding of formal concepts related to electrolytes. Suggests that introductory concrete experiences better prepare students to deal with more formal abstract concepts. (TW)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Chemistry, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Measurement
Zeitoun, Hassan Hussein – 1988
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the achievement of some abstract concepts in "molecular genetics" and prior knowledge, formal reasoning ability, and sex. The major findings of the study were: (1) prior knowledge had a high significant correlation with the achievement of abstract concepts; (2) the…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Achievement, Biology, Cognitive Development