Students' difficulties with proofs are well documented. To remedy this, it is often recommended that reasoning and proving be focused on in all grades and content areas of school mathematics. However, proofs continue to have a marginal place in many classrooms, or are only given explicit attention in courses in Euclidean geometry. Geometry is also…

Background: The necessity of supporting socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL) for learners is widely acknowledged as a crucial element for successful collaborative learning (CL). However, inherent challenges are presented for the observation, study, and support of SSRL. Non-verbal behaviours have been identified as a potentially rich…

The role of peer relationships in a student's study wellbeing has been emphasised in research. However, the development of functional relationships with peers in educational settings cannot be taken for granted. In this study, we aimed to understand the variations in upper secondary school students' experiences of peer relationships in terms of…

A secondary analysis of PISA 2018 data was conducted to investigate the reading achievement of students with an immigrant background. While prior research suggests the importance of demographic characteristics in secondary PISA analyses, a major critique is that PISA centers destination characteristics over origin ones, limiting the study of the…

Socially shared regulation in learning (SSRL) contributes to successful collaborative learning (CL). Empirical research into SSRL has received considerable attention recently, with increasingly available multimodal data, advanced learning analytics (LA), and artificial intelligence (AI) providing promising research avenues. Yet, integrating these…

During the COVID-19 pandemic, distance learning became the dominant form of education, utilizing a variety of technological resources to activate students and facilitate independent learning. In this study, latent profile analysis was used to identify different distance learning profiles and analysis of covariance was used to analyze the…

We examine private supplementary tutoring within the context of Finnish general upper secondary education. Specifically, we focus on profit-driven private preparatory course providers who cater to individual students and their families, aiming to improve applicants' prospects of gaining access to higher education. We examine this during a time…

Previous research suggests that peer support is an essential component of adolescents' sense of relatedness in peer relationships and correlates with study engagement and life satisfaction. However, what the underlying mechanisms of these relationships are, has remained unclear. This study examined 1) whether the sense of relatedness or study…

This study investigated the development of study engagement from the end of upper secondary school through the first and second years of higher education. The participants experienced the challenges related to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic while they were either university students or preparing for university entrance exams. The study…

This study innovatively contributes to the extensive research on student well-being by investigating how social-contextual factors influence students' day-to-day experiences at both the inter- and intra-individual level. Over 10 days, 324 school students aged 15-17 provided twice-daily data on positive affect (PA) and peer relationship quality…

This study sought to gain a deeper understanding of the spatiality and spatial justice of guidance counselling in basic education. The spatial framework was applied to analyse the recognition of diversity and adolescents' positioning in guidance counselling (lessons, excursions and information events). This study used a phenomenological research…

The purpose of this research is to determine whether PISA 2018 mathematical literacy test items show a differential item functioning across countries. For this purpose, only the items in booklet number three were examined using the MIMIC method with Latent Class Analysis (LCA) approach. PISA 2018 tests are mostly developed in English. Therefore,…

This study investigates how self-efficacy and motivation predict students' science literacy and career expectations above and beyond their socioeconomic status. A structural equation model built on self-determination theory and self-efficacy was examined using PISA 2015 data from Finland and Japan. The study sample is 5882 and 6647 15-year-old…

The study examined student groups' (n = 72) self-evaluations of their group work and their learning of critical online reading during an inquiry task. The analyses focused on aspects of critical online reading, describing group work practices, and evaluating them. For learning critical online reading, the most often mentioned aspects were sources,…

Engaging in extracurricular activities is known to affect both cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes, but there is social inequality in access to these activities. In this study, we examine the role of extracurricular activities in moderating the relationships between secondary school students' social background and their cognitive and…