A longitudinal study investigated variations in the coping patterns of 52 married men who experienced infertility problems in their first marriage. Styles of coping considered were initial substitutes, subsequent parenting resolutions, and final marital outcomes and the impact of these variations on the men's subsequent success in achieving…

This document contains three papers describing theoretical approaches and empirical findings concerning the role of anxiety in self-actualization. "Opposing Views of Anxiety and Self-Actualization" by Paul F. Zelhart describes theories of self-actualization that take opposite views of the role of anxiety in psychological development…

The Junior Self-Monitoring Scale, a new measure, was developed and related to individual differences in children's tendencies to engage in social comparison when making decisions. This study demonstrated that children scoring high in self-monitoring were more likely than low self-monitoring children to attend to the decisions of other children.…

Examines child's representation of self in connection with child-mother attachment in a sample of 52 white, middle-class children aged six years. Results indicate that significant, albeit modest, connections between attachment and the self were established; further, specific patterns of self-perceptions were related to particular patterns of…

Characterizes modern ashram schools as examples of Indian philosophy translated into practice. Describes essential features of the schools including the concept of dharma, proximity to nature, student-teacher relationship, holistic approaches, performance of menial chores, simplicity, meditation, recitation, intellectual and cognitive skills, and…

Outlines and contrasts themes and methods of philosophical inquiry into personal identity with other approaches to identity development. Describes a study of identity development in adolescence in philosophical context which provides new information about the psychology of identity. (Author/RWB)

Business executives, who had worked up a bureaucratic hierarchy, entrepreneurs, and managers completed the Miner Sentence Completion Scale (MSCS), a measure of managerial motivation. Results indicated that theory congruent top executives had higher managerial motivation than entrepreneurs or managers. Findings support the theory and the use of the…

Despite educational expansion, girls and women still face unequal educational and training opportunities. A fundamental cause is the perpetuation of assumptions, beliefs, and prejudices that ignore, belittle, and hinder the aspirations, needs, and capacities of girls and women. Since educational and vocational guidance can promote equal…

Self-actualization, which involves the ultimate development of one's abilities regardless of external influences, is the basis for many personality theories. To assess the relationship between biological sex, sex role, and self-actualization, the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) were administered to 129…

Critics of a dominant model of the person, which emphasizes autonomy and independence, have called for an alternative, more social, conceptualization of the self. To describe and validate social individuality as an alternative conceptualization of the self, 84 adults (54 females, 30 males), from a range of social classes and including persons…

This article discusses the use of personal narrative in social science research and in helping individuals with learning difficulties renegotiate their sense of identity. One woman's story of her life is used to illustrate the corrosive effects of institutionalization in identity formation. (Contains references.) (DB)

Addresses the impact of perceived control over personal development on the perception and emotional evaluation of developmental achievements and prospects in adulthood. (Author)

Analyzes the nature of future-oriented self-control and the psychological processes underlying it. Reports that the self-control in four-year-old children reveals differences in delay behavior. (YP)

Attribution theorists have argued that if an intrinsically motivated activity is extrinsically reinforced, the activity will be devalued and extinguished when the reward is removed. Hypothesizing that activities performed for their instrumental outcome are valued less than activities not so externally oriented, and that activities performed for…

Studied the influence of intelligence, self-concept, and causal attributions on metamemory and the metamemory-memory behavior relationship in elementary school children. Results indicated that intelligence had an impact on metamemory in all age groups; and that metamemory remains an important predictor of memory behavior. (Author/RWB)