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Direct linkKaylin Ratner; Hou Xie; Gaoxia Zhu; Melody Estevez; Anthony L. Burrow – Child Development, 2025
Purpose offers several important benefits to youth. Thus, it is necessary to understand "how" a sense of purpose develops in supportive contexts and "what" psychological resources can help. From 2021 to 2022, this study investigated purpose change among 321 youth (M[subscript age] = 16.4 years; 71% female; 25.9% Black, 33.3%…
Descriptors: Student Educational Objectives, Independent Study, Student Attitudes, Personal Autonomy
Li, Jin – Child Development, 2006
This study examined goals and agency as the 2 core aspects of self in learning among Chinese adolescents. A sample of 259 adolescents aged 12--19 responded to open-ended probes about themselves. Counter to the common view that Chinese themselves are predominantly social, adolescents expressed many more individual than social goals and agency.…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Late Adolescents, Early Adolescents, Self Concept
Peer reviewedSmiley, Patricia A.; Dweck, Carol S. – Child Development, 1994
Tested on preschoolers a goal-confidence model for older children that predicts achievement behavior during failure. Found that individual differences in achievement goals emerge very early. Children appeared to have developed a mechanism for selecting learning opportunities prior to formal school experience. (AA)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Aspiration, Child Development, Goal Orientation
