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Trajectories and Predictors of Adolescent Purpose Development in Self-Driven Learning
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Kaylin Ratner; Hou Xie; Gaoxia Zhu; Melody Estevez; Anthony L. Burrow – Child Development, 2025
Purpose offers several important benefits to youth. Thus, it is necessary to understand "how" a sense of purpose develops in supportive contexts and "what" psychological resources can help. From 2021 to 2022, this study investigated purpose change among 321 youth (M[subscript age] = 16.4 years; 71% female; 25.9% Black, 33.3%…
Descriptors: Student Educational Objectives, Independent Study, Student Attitudes, Personal Autonomy
Spatial Self-Reference Systems and Shortest-Route Behavior in Toddlers.
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Rieser, John J.; Heiman, Marsha L. – Child Development, 1982
Two experiments were conducted concerning the development of spatial orientation during the second year of life. Both experiments were focused on oriented search for a hidden target object in the absence of landmarks, which can be accomplished by relating one's movements to knowledge of a target's location. (Author/RH)
Descriptors: Infant Behavior, Orientation, Self Concept, Spatial Ability
Self in Learning: Chinese Adolescents' Goals and Sense of Agency
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Li, Jin – Child Development, 2006
This study examined goals and agency as the 2 core aspects of self in learning among Chinese adolescents. A sample of 259 adolescents aged 12--19 responded to open-ended probes about themselves. Counter to the common view that Chinese themselves are predominantly social, adolescents expressed many more individual than social goals and agency.…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Late Adolescents, Early Adolescents, Self Concept
Spatial Abilities and Spatial Egocentrism in the Young Child
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Shantz, Carolyn U.; Watson, John S. – Child Development, 1971
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Expectation, Prediction, Preschool Children
Effect of Social or Task Orientation and Evaluative or Nonevaluative Situations on Performance
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Nakamura, Charles Y.; Finck, Doris – Child Development, 1973
Results indicated that it is possible to distinguish children on predispositions such as social and task orientation and self-assurance sufficiently well to predict their behavior in certain specific situations. (Authors)
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Evaluation, Orientation, Predictive Measurement
Individual Differences in Achievement Goals among Young Children.
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Smiley, Patricia A.; Dweck, Carol S. – Child Development, 1994
Tested on preschoolers a goal-confidence model for older children that predicts achievement behavior during failure. Found that individual differences in achievement goals emerge very early. Children appeared to have developed a mechanism for selecting learning opportunities prior to formal school experience. (AA)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Aspiration, Child Development, Goal Orientation