This qualitative study explored how Black men made sense of their college years. Specifically, using Museus's (2014) culturally engaging campus environments model as the study's framework, I analyzed 41 Black men's experiences in and perceptions of the campus environment at two different Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs). Findings revealed that…

The purpose of the experiment described in this document was to obtain empirical evidence regarding the plausibility of an hypothesis that there are 4 stages in the evolution of black awareness. The first stage is the pre-encounter stage, in which a person is programmed to view and to think of the work world as being nonblack, antiblack, or the…

Social pressures in the United States are explained in the context of group identification and group behavior. The urban scene is made up of a number of groups, or subcultures, which have parallel structures along socio-economic, and nationality-color-ethnic lines. These groups act as if they had a structured plan. It is shown how this plan is…

Explains how proponents of the conflicting attitudes of Black nationalism and Black assimilation into white society both saw a need for improving the condition of Black people in America during the early 20th century. This belief was reflected in political ideology, women's activism, religious leadership, and literary endeavor. (Author/AV)

The double consciousness model represents Black self-concept as being comprised of three primary cognitive structures: the "I," the "me," and the "we" self-referents. A study was conducted to examine three assumptions pertaining to the "we" self-referent: (1) that it reflects attitudes and behaviors developed because of Black Americans' African…

Analyzes the biculturality of Black Americans, who have both Afrocentric and Eurocentric elements in their culture. Discusses factors of biculturality (education, punishment/reward, the institutionalization of white culture, religion, white power, and whites' numerical superiority). Evaluates qualitative differences between black and white…

Focuses on some extremist separatist models proposed in regard to black-white adjustment, first by examining the historical background, then by reanalyzing recent survey data to assess the extent to which rank-and-file white and black Americans support separatist solutions. (RJ)

Analyzes data from a case study of Haitian immigrants in a small midwestern city. Discusses the Haitian's motivations for immigration; the role of Whites as immigration sponsors, employers, language models, and cultural mediators; the Haitians' attempts to minimize the effects of racial ascription; group unity and identity maintenance; and…

Sixty-nine undergraduates answered a survey on their own self-label (Afro-American; Black Afro-American; Black American; Black; or Other) and why they chose that label. There was a clear preference for the term Black among respondents, a term that was likely a product of the 1960s Black movement. (CJS)

Describes three models of ethnic identity development, with particular focus on their significance for understanding the socialization and self-concepts of Black children. Considers implications for educational reform and suggests the models provide useful frameworks for making better decisions about when educators should introduce materials about…

Concerns about misuse of "poor self-concept" are expressed. Criticisms center around uncertainty of basic assumptions about values Blacks and Indians place upon themselves, and particularly on deemphasis of that part of self-concept dependent on group identity. Before educators can talk about bolstering poor "self-concepts," certain socioeconomic…

The construction of hypotheses concerning blacks in America requires an understanding of two enduring influences on collective black experience: (1) whites' treatment of blacks as slaves and (2) West African culture that helped to shape black adaptation to the conditions engendered by slavery. White racist attitudes and the psychological distance…

In a 1964 field study, Black, Native American, and White high school seniors in Robeson County, North Carolina, were asked to rank their race and the two others in order of esteem. Findings help explain why the schools of Robeson County were among the last in the state to be integrated. (KH)

This collection of essays deals with those ethnic minority groups which can be classified as being among the socially disadvantaged in America. Here, the socially disadvantaged are described as persons or groups whose chances for the complete maximization of their talents or potentials are limited by societal factors related to poverty and/or…