In this article, the author explores the existing research on the characteristics of Millennials within historical, social, and economic contexts. While many researchers have made claims about Millennials, they fail to consider how parenting styles, economic factors, historical events, and shifts in educational priorities may have created the…

The idea that individual behavior is the result of society's influence on individual self-concept beliefs reflects more than a century of theory and research. Therefore, this study focuses on self-concept as a construct of primordial human characteristics such as emotion, aspiration, love, conflict, anger, jealousy, contradiction, guilt, and…

This study presents reliability and validity evidence concerning a new measure of a generalized locus of control for children. Construction procedures leading to the final 40-item scale are described. (Author)

This study examines the Rotter Internal-External locus of control Scale to determine if it differentiates people according to the degree of control they feel they have over behavior. The results support Rotter's claim that reinforcement value has to be taken into consideration in Locus of Control studies. (EJT)

The hypothesis of this study, that participants with some years of college would differ in their ability to predict their scores on a classroom examination, was supported by results indicating that internals are more accurate indicators of their non-academic performance than externals. (Author/KM)

The impact of internal-external locus of control on explanatory constructs used to interpret personal and societal goals and events was studied. Internal constructs were used more than external constructs overall. Subjects also chose more internal than external constructs to explain personal than societal events. (NG)

A two-part study was undertaken to determine whether the experiencing of limits to control in areas for which people are known to seek psychological help would be perceived as differentially stressful by characteristically internal and external individuals. A group of 237 nonclient students indicated their degree of perceived personal control over…

Hypothesis that externally oriented Black male subjects would view themselves as more Negro in appearance than they were judged by observers was tested by comparing subjects' and observers' judgments on scale of 15 faces which changed from Negro to Caucasian. Hypothesis was contradicted in 1968 study, supported in 1975. (Author/NRB)

This research assessed the reliability and validity of the Purpose in Life test in an inmate population, investigated the relationship between the PIL test and attitudes, locus of control, personality factors, and several demographic variables, and compared the PIL scores of inmates with scores of normal samples. (Author/RK)

This study examined variables related to problem-solving approaches of young children, using the theoretical framework provided by Zigler and collaborators in their work on outerdirectedness. Four aspects of outerdirectedness were examined: developmental trends, different types of reinforcement, task difficulty, and pride in accomplishment. (ST)

The assumptions individuals make about their personal behaviors have received extensive attention, particularly the concepts of locus of control and self-efficacy. An additional concept, change orientation, refers to assumptions about how to change personal behavior. Approximately 180 subjects ranging from college freshmen to graduate students…

It is time to stop blaming the rise in serious student misbehavior on families, peers, teachers, school systems and society, and to begin to hold students responsible for their own actions. To compare the personal characteristics of disruptive and "normal" students, teachers in a small high school identified 69 inhibitors (disruptive students) and…

The Rotter Internal-External (I-E) Scale, the Academic Interest Measures-Educational Testing Service (AIMS-ETS) Survey, and a demographic questionnaire were administered to 541 Catholic high school students. Variance analysis revealed that internals were significantly differentiated from externals on 15 AIMS (life goals) in the 31-item AIMS-ETS…

Dimensions of Type A behavior were studied in 990 healthy Finnish adolescents; and conceptualization was clarified in terms of achievement striving, self-concept, and sense of control. The two independent dimensions identified are discussed in terms of healthy adjustment and social maladjustment. (SLD)

A study was conducted to determine if students with varying grade point averages, self-concept, internal-external locus of control, and self-directedness, selected and performed differentially under two approaches to competency-based teacher education (teacher-directed and student-directed instruction). (JH)