This study presents reliability and validity evidence concerning a new measure of a generalized locus of control for children. Construction procedures leading to the final 40-item scale are described. (Author)

The personality constructs of self-esteem, self-reinforcement, and locus of control were found to be related in a sample of college students. (ST)

This study examines the Rotter Internal-External locus of control Scale to determine if it differentiates people according to the degree of control they feel they have over behavior. The results support Rotter's claim that reinforcement value has to be taken into consideration in Locus of Control studies. (EJT)

Sex differences in the correlations between Rotter's Internal-External (I-E) Control of Reinforcement Scale and the Omnibus Personality Inventory (OPI) are predicted, based on a theoretical expectation of a relationship between I-E and adjustment, and previous research. Both tests were administered to 140 male and 130 female college freshmen.…

Four hypotheses were derived from the proposition that positive self-concept is due partly to an ability to utilize self-initiated verbal reinforcement. (Authors)

Examined relationships among locus of control, specificity of instruction, and verbal conditionalibity on self-referenced affect in a counseling analogue interview. Results indicated that specific instructions combined with verbal conditioning procedures produced the greatest increase in self-referenced affect for both internal and external…

Suggests that it is more likely that it is the access to and the receiving of social rewards which strengthen that sense of internal control (personal control) which in turn leads to increased achievement. (Author)

Children in various ordinal birth positions, grade levels, and sex roles perceive differently the degree or responsibility they assume for their successess and/or failures. (Author/KM)

This study examined variables related to problem-solving approaches of young children, using the theoretical framework provided by Zigler and collaborators in their work on outerdirectedness. Four aspects of outerdirectedness were examined: developmental trends, different types of reinforcement, task difficulty, and pride in accomplishment. (ST)

The notion that certain systems of reward may inhibit children's desire to participate in educational activities was investigated by reviewing recent research on intrinsic motivation. This research was critiqued from four theoretical perspectives: self-perception theory, personal causation, the overjustification hypothesis, and behavioral…

Developed as part of a project designed to provide a synthesis of the literature and practice relating to the career education of disadvantaged students, this review is intended to inform teachers about research and techniques for motivating disadvantaged students. Section I discusses the nature of motivation and describes the basic human needs…

This selective bibliography contains references to 76 ERIC documents and journal articles on the subject of behavior modification in the preschool and elementary school classroom. A total of 36 entries were taken from "Research in Education" (RIE), 1969 through 1974, and 36 entries were taken from "Current Index to Journals in Education" (CIJE),…

Results of several studies of cognitive and cultural correlates and determinants of early IE development are discussed, and some implications of the findings are pointed out. In studies of correlations between IE and intelligence test scores, results show that the scores increase regularly with age, from age 4 through 8, and there are fairly…

Forty subjects who had previously been identified for internal/external locus of control characteristics read a case history that was manipulated to reflect either persuasive or coercive influence strategies. The subjects then completed five seven-point scales that measured the extent to which they approved or disapproved of the means of influence…