Research and practice have recognized the importance of informal learning--a specific type of active learning--for higher education contexts. University students learn not only in formally organized courses, but also in a self-directed and intentional way from fellow students, through trial and error, and by reflection. However, there has been a…

The author offers personal insights into the organization and activities of the International Summer School in Germany, a self-directed learning program within a free and supportive environment. Also described are a self-directed learning program for middle managers in the Ministry of Defense and future plans for a permanent learning center. (MW)

This document contains four papers from a symposium on leadership and executive development. The study reported in "Leadership and Culture: Work-Related Values and Leadership Styles among U.S. and German Employees" (K. Peter Kuchinke) revealed only a weak correlation between cultural values and leadership styles. Critical incident…