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Markman, Keith D.; And Others – Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1995
Examined the effects of perceived control and close alternative outcomes on counterfactual generation (thoughts of what could have been). Subjects played a "wheel of fortune" game in which they controlled one of two wheels. Results supported the idea that people generate counterfactuals about events over which they have perceived…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Expectation, Individual Power

Roese, Neal J.; Olson, James M. – Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1995
Examined impact of outcome controllability on counterfactual thoughts (thoughts of what could have been). Two studies showed that outcome controllability affected counterfactual direction: thoughts on how things could have been better were more frequent following controllable outcomes, and thoughts on how things could have been worse followed…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Expectation, Individual Power