Examined the behavioral reactions to and perceptions of assertive, apologetic, and aggressive requests. Subjects (N=60) were involved in situations where compliance with requests involved high or low sacrifice. Increasing sacrifice for the subject decreased the request's effectiveness, in that fewer subjects complied with it, regardless of the…

Examined the effects of (1) two levels of risk-taking disposition and (2) four types of pregroup preparation on early group development. High risk takers exposed to the behavioral structure condition were more involved in self-disclosure and interpersonal feedback, reported higher levels of group cohesion, and reported greater perceived depth of…

Handicapped individuals matched on self-reported assertiveness were assigned to one of two conditions. Behavioral role playing, self-report, and activity budget pre- and post-test measures revealed that assertion-training subjects reported greater gains in assertive behavior and showed greater improvement in performance on seven criterion measures…

This study was concerned with further validation of a measure of assertiveness. Concurrent validity was established for the College Self-Expression Scale using the method of contrasted groups and through correlations of self-and judges' ratings of assertiveness. (Author)

The data indicated: (a) clients perceived greater self-exploration than counselors or raters; (b) confrontive counselors perceived greater self-exploration than speculative counselors; and (c) neither raters' nor clients' estimates of self-exploration differed across speculative or confrontive counselors. (Author)

Studied 72 college students to determine effects of subject sex and situational factors on affective self-disclosure with acquaintances. Feeling, role, and sex of subject were contextual variables influencing expression of feelings. Responding with positive feelings is the optimal situational context for expression of feelings to acquaintances.…

Alexithymia (difficulty differentiating affective states and expressing feelings, external reliance in decision-making) is studied as a possible mediator by which dysfunctional family environment in childhood affects adult clients' attachment to therapist (N=61). Fear of separation, parent/child role reversal, and marital conflict were associated…

Groups in the experimental condition were significantly more member and work centered than groups in the cognitive condition. The results supported the implication that an experiential leadership style possesses greater potential for member-related discussion (content) and member-centered interaction (work). (Author)

Assessed situational variables affecting emotional expressiveness in 331 students. Results indicated that females were more expressive than males and that persons were more expressive of positive emotions than negative, in the initiator role than in the respondent role, and to opposite-sex rather than same-sex best friends. (WAS)

In an analysis of exemplary protocols in a revised manual for the paragraph completion method, relations between conceptual level and linguistic measures yielded by the computer assisted language analysis system were examined. Frequency of usage and structural complexity accounted for much of the variance in conceptual level scores. (Author)

Investigated influences of physical attractiveness and self-disclosures of nonprofessional counselors in initial counseling interviews. College females saw audiotaped interviews in which an unidentified male counselor revealed no self-information or expressed demographic or personal similarity self-disclosures. Nondisclosing, unattractive…

Validity of the Self-Disclosure Questionnaire as a measure of counselor effectiveness was investigated. Overall, results failed to support both the concurrent and predictive validity of the SDQ. The behavioral measure of actual self-disclosure was highly correlated with one of the empathy measures. (Author)

Female undergraduates listened to audiotaped recordings of a counseling interview between an experienced male counselor and a female client. Subjects rated counselor's expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness, and generated written responses to self-disclosing or self-involving counselor statements. The self-involving counselor was rated as…

Examined sex and situational factors of subject role, type of feeling, and sex of best friend in relation to affective self-disclosure and self-reported anxiety of undergraduates. Interactions revealed affective self-disclosure is sex-linked and situation specific, with females initiating positive feelings to same-sex best friends being most…

A psychotherapy analogue study examined the effects of therapist disclosure on subject disclosure to the therapist during a first interview. Three levels of therapist disclosure, no disclosure, demographic disclosure, and personal disclosure, and two levels of therapist warmth were manipulated. Results are discussed. (Author)