Review of studies using the Aging Semantic Differential to measure attitudes toward the elderly identified problems: familiarity and variety of objects, men-only design, and age of the instrument. Ways to refine it include updating adjectives and their positions, identifying attitudinal objects, and accounting for gender differences. (SK)

Causal statements from adults with learning disabilities and normally achieving adults were analyzed and organized within a linguistic taxonomy of causal semantic relations, and a relationship between Piagetian cognitive stages and verbal expressions of causality were identified. Piagetian principles were used to design assessment and intervention…

Explores "political diglossia" in contemporary Poland, the unofficial, underground language of antipropaganda that arose in reaction to state propaganda. Colloquial and official designations for police and security forces are compared, and the semantics of relevant words and expressions are studied. Language is shown to reflect social…