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Qiao, Chen; Hu, Xiao – IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 2023
Free text answers to short questions can reflect students' mastery of concepts and their relationships relevant to learning objectives. However, automating the assessment of free text answers has been challenging due to the complexity of natural language. Existing studies often predict the scores of free text answers in a "black box"…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Testing, Automation, Test Items, Semantics
C. H., Dhawaleswar Rao; Saha, Sujan Kumar – IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 2023
Multiple-choice question (MCQ) plays a significant role in educational assessment. Automatic MCQ generation has been an active research area for years, and many systems have been developed for MCQ generation. Still, we could not find any system that generates accurate MCQs from school-level textbook contents that are useful in real examinations.…
Descriptors: Multiple Choice Tests, Computer Assisted Testing, Automation, Test Items
Sanchez-Ferreres, Josep; Delicado, Luis; Andaloussi, Amine Abbab; Burattin, Andrea; Calderon-Ruiz, Guillermo; Weber, Barbara; Carmona, Josep; Padro, Lluis – IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 2020
The creation of a process model is primarily a formalization task that faces the challenge of constructing a syntactically correct entity, which accurately reflects the semantics of reality, and is understandable to the model reader. This article proposes a framework called "Model Judge," focused toward the two main actors in the process…
Descriptors: Models, Automation, Validity, Natural Language Processing
Vrablecová, Petra; Šimko, Marián – IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 2016
The domain model is an essential part of an adaptive learning system. For each educational course, it involves educational content and semantics, which is also viewed as a form of conceptual metadata about educational content. Due to the size of a domain model, manual domain model creation is a challenging and demanding task for teachers or…
Descriptors: Semantics, Models, Metadata, Programming
Liu, Ming; Rus, Vasile; Liu, Li – IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 2017
Question generation is an emerging research area of artificial intelligence in education. Question authoring tools are important in educational technologies, e.g., intelligent tutoring systems, as well as in dialogue systems. Approaches to generate factual questions, i.e., questions that have concrete answers, mainly make use of the syntactical…
Descriptors: Chinese, Questioning Techniques, Automation, Natural Language Processing
Liu, Ming; Rus, Vasile; Liu, Li – IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 2018
Automatic question generation can help teachers to save the time necessary for constructing examination papers. Several approaches were proposed to automatically generate multiple-choice questions for vocabulary assessment or grammar exercises. However, most of these studies focused on generating questions in English with a certain similarity…
Descriptors: Multiple Choice Tests, Regression (Statistics), Test Items, Natural Language Processing
Aldabe, Itziar; Maritxalar, Montse – IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 2014
The work we present in this paper aims to help teachers create multiple-choice science tests. We focus on a scientific vocabulary-learning scenario taking place in a Basque-language educational environment. In this particular scenario, we explore the option of automatically generating Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQ) by means of Natural Language…
Descriptors: Science Tests, Test Construction, Computer Assisted Testing, Multiple Choice Tests