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To, Carol Kit Sum; Stokes, Stephanie; Man, Yonnie; T'Sou, Benjamin – Language and Speech, 2013
This study investigated the noun definitions given by Cantonese speakers at different ages. Definitional responses on six concrete nouns from 1075 children aged 4;10 to 12;01 and 15 adults were analyzed with reference to the semantic content and the syntactic form. Results showed that conventional definitions produced by Cantonese adult speakers…
Descriptors: Sino Tibetan Languages, Nouns, Definitions, Age Differences
Liederman, Jacqueline; Gilbert, Kristen; Fisher, Janet McGraw; Mathews, Geetha; Frye, Richard E.; Joshi, Pallavi – Language and Speech, 2011
Perception is a product of the interaction between bottom-up sensory processing and top-down higher order cognitive activity. For example, when the initial phoneme of a word is obliterated and replaced with noise, listeners hear it as intact provided there is semantic context. We modified this phonemic restoration paradigm by masking (not…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Semantics, Listening, Phonemes
Herold, Debora S.; Nygaard, Lynne C.; Namy, Laura L. – Language and Speech, 2012
Prosody plays a variety of roles in infants' communicative development, aiding in attention modulation, speech segmentation, and syntax acquisition. This study investigates the extent to which parents also spontaneously modulate prosodic aspects of infant directed speech in ways that distinguish semantic aspects of language. Fourteen mothers of…
Descriptors: Sentences, Picture Books, Mothers, Semantics
Wotton, J. M.; Elvebak, R. L.; Moua, L. C.; Heggem, N. M.; Nelson, C. A.; Kirk, K. M. – Language and Speech, 2011
The influence of sentence context on the recognition of naturally spoken vowels degraded by reverberation and Gaussian noise was investigated. Target words were paired to have similar consonant sounds but different vowels (e.g., map/mop) and were embedded early in sentences which provided three types of semantic context. Fifty-eight…
Descriptors: Sentences, Cues, Vowels, Semantics
Wilbur, Ronnie B. – Language and Speech, 2009
Spoken languages are characterized by flexible, multivariate prosodic systems. As a natural language, American Sign Language (ASL), and other sign languages (SLs), are also expected to be characterized in the same way. Artificially created signing systems for classroom use, such as signed English, serve as a contrast to natural sign languages. The…
Descriptors: American Sign Language, Suprasegmentals, Semantics, Nonverbal Communication
de Vos, Connie; van der Kooij, Els; Crasborn, Onno – Language and Speech, 2009
The eyebrows are used as conversational signals in face-to-face spoken interaction (Ekman, 1979). In Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT), the eyebrows are typically furrowed in content questions, and raised in polar questions (Coerts, 1992). On the other hand, these eyebrow positions are also associated with anger and surprise, respectively, in…
Descriptors: Sign Language, Nonverbal Communication, Suprasegmentals, Psychological Patterns
Yang, Jin-Chen; Yang, Yu-Fang – Language and Speech, 2008
A variant of the picture--word interference paradigm was used in three experiments to investigate the horizontal information flow of semantic and phonological information between nouns in spoken Mandarin Chinese sentences. Experiment 1 demonstrated that there is a semantic interference effect when the word in the second phrase (N3) and the first…
Descriptors: Semantics, Phonology, Nouns, Mandarin Chinese
Scharinger, Mathias; Lahiri, Aditi – Language and Speech, 2010
This study examines the role of abstractness during the activation of a lexical representation. Abstractness and conflict are directly modeled in our approach by invoking lexical representations in terms of contrastive phonological features. In two priming experiments with English nouns differing only in vowel height of their stem vowels (e.g.,…
Descriptors: Dialects, Vowels, Phonology, Nouns
Ota, Mitsuhiko; Hartsuiker, Robert J.; Haywood, Sarah L. – Language and Speech, 2010
A visual semantic categorization task in English was performed by native English speakers (Experiment 1) and late bilinguals whose first language was Japanese (Experiment 2) or Spanish (Experiment 3). In the critical conditions, the target word was a homophone of a correct category exemplar (e.g., A BODY OF WATER-SEE; cf. SEA) or a word that…
Descriptors: Phonology, Semantics, Word Recognition, English (Second Language)
Zhang, Qingfang; Chen, Hsuan-Chih; Weekes, Brendan Stuart; Yang, Yufang – Language and Speech, 2009
A picture-word interference paradigm with visually presented distractors was used to investigate the independent effects of orthographic and phonological facilitation on Mandarin monosyllabic word production. Both the stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) and the picture-word relationship along different lexical dimensions were varied. We observed a…
Descriptors: Phonology, Reaction Time, Interference (Language), Mandarin Chinese
Jolly, Helen R.; Plunkett, Kim – Language and Speech, 2008
The theory of syntactic bootstrapping proposes that children can use syntax to infer the meanings of words. This paper presents experimental evidence that children are also able to use word inflections to infer word reference. Twenty-four- and 30-month-olds were tested in a preferential looking experiment. Children were shown a pair of novel…
Descriptors: Syntax, Morphology (Languages), Toddlers, Semantics
Crain, Stephen – Language and Speech, 2008
Child and adult speakers of English have different ideas of what "or" means in ordinary statements of the form "A or B". Even more far-reaching differences between children and adults are found in other languages. This tells us that young children do not learn what "or" means by watching how adults use "or". An alternative is to suppose that…
Descriptors: Sentences, Language Research, Semantics, Child Language

Shillcock, Richard – Language and Speech, 1982
An experiment is reported that uses cross-modal priming to look at the resolution of anaphoric reference. Subjects given a visual lexical decision test simultaneously with an auditorily presented sentence showed selective semantic activation of the pronoun's referent on the basis of the pronoun's lexical properties. This finding is discussed in…
Descriptors: Context Clues, Language Processing, Language Research, Pronouns

Gussenhoven, Carlos – Language and Speech, 1999
Three experimental techniques that can be used to investigate the gradient of discrete nature of intonational differences, the semantic task, the imitation task, and the pitch range task are discussed and evaluated. It is pointed out that categorical perception is a sufficient but not a necessary, property of phonological discreteness. (Author/VWL)
Descriptors: Intonation, Oral Language, Phonetics, Phonology

Kemper, Susan; Catlin, Jack – Language and Speech, 1979
Two experiments offer clear support for an interactive view of sentence comprehension; semantic factors do interact with syntactic factors. (RL)
Descriptors: Language Processing, Reading Comprehension, Reading Research, Research