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Marian Marchal; Merel C. J. Scholman; Vera Demberg – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Linguistic phenomena (e.g., words and syntactic structure) co-occur with a wide variety of meanings. These systematic correlations can help readers to interpret a text and create predictions about upcoming material. However, to what extent these correlations influence discourse processing is still unknown. We address this question by examining…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Correlation, Discourse Analysis, Cues
Curtis, Philip R.; Estabrook, Ryne; Roberts, Megan Y.; Weisleder, Adriana – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2023
Purpose: Late talkers (LTs) are a group of children who exhibit delays in language development without a known cause. Although a hallmark of LTs is a reduced expressive vocabulary, little is known about LTs' processing of semantic relations among words in their emerging vocabularies. This study uses an eye-tracking task to compare 2-year-old LTs'…
Descriptors: Monolingualism, Delayed Speech, Vocabulary Development, Toddlers
Fujita, Hiroki; Cunnings, Ian – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
The mechanisms underlying native (L1) and non-native (L2) sentence processing have been widely debated. One account of potential L1/L2 differences is that L2 sentence processing underuses syntactic information and relies heavily on semantic and surface cues. Recently, an alternative account has been proposed, which argues that the source of L1/L2…
Descriptors: Native Language, Second Language Learning, Sentences, Language Processing
Zhou, Guowei; Chen, Yao; Feng, Yin; Zhou, Rong – Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2019
Translation ambiguity, which occurs commonly when one word has more than one possible translation in another language, causes language processing disadvantage. The present study investigated how Chinese--English bilinguals process translation-ambiguous words, and whether it is affected by the second language (L2) proficiency and sentence context,…
Descriptors: Chinese, English, Bilingualism, Sentences
van Dam, Wessel O.; Desai, Rutvik H. – Cognitive Science, 2017
There is considerable evidence that language comprehenders derive lexical-semantic meaning by mentally simulating perceptual and motor attributes of described events. However, the nature of these simulations--including the level of detail that is incorporated and contexts under which simulations occur--is not well understood. Here, we examine the…
Descriptors: Simulation, Sentences, Semantics, Comprehension
Nowbakht, Mohammad – Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2019
This study is designed to explore the role of second language (L2) English learners' working memory (WM), language proficiency, and age in the processing and comprehension of English anaphoric sentences. To this end, 40 EFL learners participated in the study. The proficiency levels of the participants varied from elementary to high-intermediate,…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Language Proficiency, Age, English (Second Language)
Yazbec, Angele; Kaschak, Michael P.; Borovsky, Arielle – Cognitive Science, 2019
Children and adults use established global knowledge to generate real-time linguistic predictions, but less is known about how listeners generate predictions in circumstances that semantically conflict with long-standing event knowledge. We explore these issues in adults and 5- to 10-year-old children using an eye-tracked sentence comprehension…
Descriptors: Sentences, Language Processing, Prediction, Adults
Ostarek, Markus; Huettig, Falk – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
It is well established that the comprehension of spoken words referring to object concepts relies on high-level visual areas in the ventral stream that build increasingly abstract representations. It is much less clear whether basic low-level visual representations are also involved. Here we asked in what task situations low-level visual…
Descriptors: Word Recognition, Comprehension, Visual Stimuli, Interference (Learning)
Ito, Aine; Martin, Andrea E.; Nieuwland, Mante S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
We used event-related potentials (ERP) to investigate whether Spanish-English bilinguals preactivate form and meaning of predictable words. Participants read high-cloze sentence contexts (e.g., "The student is going to the library to borrow a..."), followed by the predictable word ("book"), a word that was form-related…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Measurement, Cloze Procedure
Semantic Structure in Vocabulary Knowledge Interacts with Lexical and Sentence Processing in Infancy
Borovsky, Arielle; Ellis, Erica M.; Evans, Julia L.; Elman, Jeffrey L. – Child Development, 2016
Although the size of a child's vocabulary associates with language-processing skills, little is understood regarding how this relation emerges. This investigation asks whether and how the structure of vocabulary knowledge affects language processing in English-learning 24-month-old children (N = 32; 18 F, 14 M). Parental vocabulary report was used…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, Language Processing, Correlation, English
Kim, Albert E.; Oines, Leif; Miyake, Akira – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
This study investigated the processes reflected in the widely observed N400 and P600 event-related potential (ERP) effects and tested the hypothesis that the N400 and P600 effects are functionally linked in a tradeoff relationship, constrained in part by individual differences in cognitive ability. Sixty participants read sentences, and ERP…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Short Term Memory, Cognitive Measurement, Semantics
Ng, Shukhan; Payne, Brennan R.; Stine-Morrow, Elizabeth A. L.; Federmeier, Kara D. – Grantee Submission, 2018
We investigated how struggling adult readers make use of sentence context to facilitate word processing when comprehending spoken language, conditions under which print decoding is not a barrier to comprehension. Stimuli were strongly and weakly constraining sentences (as measured by cloze probability), which ended with the most expected word…
Descriptors: Adults, Reading Difficulties, Sentences, Context Effect
Lowder, Matthew W.; Ferreira, Fernanda – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Two visual-world eye-tracking experiments investigated the role of prediction in the processing of repair disfluencies (e.g., "The chef reached for some salt uh I mean some ketchup ..."). Experiment 1 showed that listeners were more likely to fixate a critical distractor item (e.g., "pepper") during the processing of repair…
Descriptors: Prediction, Evidence, Eye Movements, Experiments
Wei, Tao; Schnur, Tatiana T. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Processing semantically related stimuli creates interference across various domains of cognition, including language and memory. In this study, we identify the locus and mechanism of interference when retrieving meanings associated with words and pictures. Subjects matched a probe stimulus (e.g., cat) to its associated target picture (e.g., yarn)…
Descriptors: Semantics, Cues, Pictorial Stimuli, Interference (Learning)
Ivanova, Iva; Pickering, Martin J.; Branigan, Holly P.; McLean, Janet F.; Costa, Albert – Cognition, 2012
We report three experiments investigating how people process anomalous sentences, in particular those in which the anomaly is associated with the verb. We contrast two accounts for the processing of such anomalous sentences: a syntactic account, in which the representations constructed for anomalous sentences are similar in nature to the ones…
Descriptors: Priming, Evidence, Semantics, Verbs