The guide updates one section of a previously written manual on speech software for blind and visually impaired persons. The guide presents reviews of 14 specific commercially available software programs. Software is critiqued for IBM (Enhanced PC Talking Program, Soft Vert, Screen-Talk Pro, Artic Vision, Freedom 1, and Prompt-Writer), Apple…

The paper describes ways in which tools, or aids, can promote the interaction of mentally retarded persons with their environment. A classification of these aids is proposed according to psychological characteristics (such as senses, intelligence, knowledge, decision making, and action) as well as types of interaction (such as comprehension,…

The article describes application for visually impaired persons of widely used Electronic Travel Aids--the Lindsay Russell Pathsounder, the Mowat Sensor, the Sonicguide, and the C-5 Laser Cane. In addition, a research review provides insight into the issues affecting future use of the devices. (Author/CL)

This guide, one of a series of booklets developed by Project STEPS (Steps Toward Effective Production of Speech), presents guidelines for parents of deaf-blind children regarding the care of eyeglasses. Basic concerns with glasses and contact lenses are noted and parents are advised to perform the following daily tasks: checking the frames,…

The article discusses uses of microcomputers by sighted, blind, and visually impaired users; strengths and weaknesses of adaptive aids; and their specific applications. The author cites the need for additional resources for training and equipping visually impaired computer users and calls for efforts to ensure equal computer access. (Author/CL)

The effects of four neuromuscular disorders (stroke, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Lou Gehrig's disease) on concommitant visual impairments are considered. Rehabilitation approaches and equipment that help clients cope with the condition are described. (CL)

The guide presents a non-technical approach to adapting battery-operated and electrical devices for persons with severe handicapping conditions. The material was developed through Project REACH (Reconstructive Equipment Adaptations for Children with Handicaps). Chapter 1 presents rationales for the use of adapted switches and devices, including…

The operating manual for the Digicassette (or Portable Braille Recorder--PBR), an electronic braille reading and writing machine and an audiotape recorder which is compact and easy to carry around, is presented. Following a preface and an introduction are sections which address the following topics: orientation to parts and functions of the…

The author discusses ways in which miniatures and schematic drawings can help blind persons deal with information provided by sonicguide. (CL)

Ten stages of developing reading machines for blind people are analyzed: handling of text material; optics; electro-optics; pattern recognition; character recognition; storage; speech synthesizers; browsing and place finding; computer indexing; and other sources of input. Cost considerations of the final product are emphasized. (CL)

The article describes the Fishburne Code tactile labeling system as a practical alternative for those adult blind who are unwilling or unable to learn braille. Instructional materials, teaching methods, and practical applications of the Fishburne Code are noted. (Author/DB)

The paper discusses the use of active stimulation devices which use various types of electronic switches to provide positive reinforcement for desired movement in severely handicapped students. Data show the effects of using an electronic switch to increase independent head control in a spastic quadriplegic severely handicapped girl. The problems…

Nine years of environmental sensory aid used by blind and visually disabled young children are reviewed in terms of benefits expected and actual results. Issues of conditioned learning and sensory integration are discussed, and the author calls for a suspension of further research. (Author)

This article emphasizes the importance of good design of tactile diagrams and careful diagram use with blind children. Early educational experiences are suggested to equip blind children for most effective use of diagrams. Methods for teaching diagram use are also suggested, particularly where blind children are educated in integrated settings.…

The use of microcomputers with handicapped children is examined in terms of special equipment (largely on particular physical handicaps); general equipment that can be modified for particular handicaps but which builds on standard hardware; and software intended for children with physical, emotional, or cognitive handicaps. (CL)