We consider the reference-based approach for Automatic Short Answer Grading (ASAG) that involves scoring a textual constructed student answer comparing to a teacher-provided reference answer. The reference answer does not cover the variety of student answers as it contains only specific examples of correct answers. Considering other language…

Although the TOEFL iBT does not have a discrete grammar section, knowledge of English sentence structure is important throughout the test. Essential Grammar for the iBT reviews the skills that are fundamental to success on tests. Content includes noun and verb forms, clauses, agreement, parallel structure, punctuation, and much more. The book may…

These pretests and posttests are designed for use with the curriculum guides and teaching guide in the Guam Community College English as a Second Language (ESL) project series (see note). Information on scoring and directions for test administrations are provided. A pretest and posttest are included for each of the six levels in the project. For…