The design of problems is crucial for the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL). Research has shown that PBL problems have not always been effective. Ineffective PBL problems could affect whether students acquire sufficient domain knowledge, activate appropriate prior knowledge, and properly direct their own learning. This paper builds on…

Storyboarding, the process of sketching visual and narrative information to plan media productions, can be an effective tool for designing instructional materials. Storyboarding enables organization and sequencing, expansion and reduction of content, text development, selection of production medium, and formulation of sensitive evaluation…

Discusses three issues related to the use of positive and negative examples during instruction: sequence, quality, and quantity of examples. Some possible resolutions based on available research evidence and theoretical work in the field are suggested. Twenty-eight references are listed. (Author/LLS)

A prescriptive article for teacher developed instructional media. (HB)

A discussion of how to make and use tape/slide media in instruction. (HB)

Describes the steps in developing an instructional audiovisual presentation: (1) the conceptualization stage (identify goals and instructional objectives); (2) the planning stage (define skills and instructional sequence); and (3) the development stage (take slides, write story line, evaluate field test data, and revise). (LC)

Discussion of the development of instructional multimedia materials focuses on a study of undergraduates that examined how the use of visual icons affected learning, differences in the instructional effectiveness of visual versus auditory processing of the same information, and timing (whether simultaneous or sequential presentation is more…

THE PROBLEM OF THIS RESEARCH WAS TO STUDY THE EXTENT TO WHICH STUDENTS ARE ABLE TO GENERALIZE WHAT THEY LEARN IN ONE LESSON SO THAT THEY ACTUALLY GAIN COMMAND OF ABILITIES NOT SPECIFICALLY TAUGHT UNTIL SOME LATER LESSON. THE AUTHOR EXAMINED CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH A MASTERY SCORE ON A PRETEST IN ARITHMETIC COULD BE CONSIDERED A TRANSFER INSTANCE.…

The major thrust of the project dealt with the problems of current elementary, junior high, and senior high courses in United States history. Nine specified objectives were: 1) to encourage social scientists to participate in curriculum development; 2) to secure an identification of basic ideas and concepts concerning American society; 3) to…

Discussion of the educational effectiveness of textbooks focuses on a model of a virtual textbook that relies on hypermedia. Highlights include changing roles of teachers, students, and content; systemwide features of the virtual textbook, including interface and object-oriented design; classroom environment; sequencing; and a prototype. (Contains…

Examines issues related to the way a teacher acting as instructional designer deals with the content or knowledge base of the instructional materials being developed, including the nature of knowledge, learners' schemata, organization of content, facilitating abstract thinking, and standards of accuracy for knowledge representation. (24…

Description of a study which formulated a model of the cognitive processes involved in learning statistics material via computer assisted learning (CAL) focuses on mode of presentation (aural or visual), sequence of the material, and previous mathematical experience. Textual analysis is discussed and implications of the results for design of CAL…

A yearbook for the use of educators, administrators, and the lay public was developed around three broad aspects of programed instruction: its foundations in past methods, program development procedures, and current issues and problem areas. Instruction is rigorously defined as the deliberate manipulation of an individual's environment to enable…

The major reason for using the outdoor history museum as a field laboratory is to provide for small in depth studies of "real life" problems relevant for today's students. An authentic New England village of 1790-1840 provides the background for the sequential development of various concepts in the social studies learning unit. Concepts are…