This special issue investigates early responses--responsive actions that (start to) unfold while the production of the responded-to turn and action is still under way. Although timing in human conduct has gained intense interest in research, the early production of responsive actions has so far largely remained unexplored. But what makes early…

This study examines students' visual behaviors when they tackle two types of synthesis problems, sequential and simultaneous problems. Sequential synthesis tasks can be solved by applying pertinent concepts consecutively, whereas simultaneous synthesis tasks require concurrent application of multiple concepts. Twenty-two students from an…

Formative assessment has long been used to gauge students' understanding of course material prior to taking an exam. With the advent of more advanced technology, only recently have instructors been able to combine formative assessment with a student response system to allow students to respond to questions in real time during class. Previous…

In many psychological research domains stimulus-response profiles are explained by conjecturing a sequential process in which some variables mediate between stimuli and responses. Charting sequential processes is often a complex task because (1) many possible mediating variables may exist, and (2) interindividual differences may occur in the…

Although the sequential lineup has been proposed as a means of protecting innocent suspects from mistaken identification, little is known about the importance of various aspects of the procedure. One potentially important detail is that witnesses should not know how many people are in the lineup. This is sometimes achieved by…

This study examined teachers' questions and children's responses during a play-based activity implemented in small groups within preschool classrooms. The first aim of this study was to describe teachers' questions in terms of four levels of abstraction (i.e., a continuum of literal to inferential questions) and children's responses to these…

In Experiment 1, 4 pigeons were trained on a multiple chain schedule in which the initial link was a variable-interval (VI) 20-s schedule signalled by a red or green center key, and terminal links required four responses made to the left (L) and/or right (R) keys. In the REPEAT component, signalled by red keylights, only LRLR terminal-link…

Descriptive observations were conducted to record problem behavior displayed by participants and to record antecedents and consequences delivered by caregivers. Next, functional analyses were conducted to identify reinforcers for problem behavior. Then, using data from the descriptive observations, lag-sequential analyses were conducted to examine…

Given reflection symmetry, the moment generating function symmetry is necessary and sufficient for the random walk model to be equivalent to a sequential probability ratio test. For a related article, see TM 501 715. (Author/RC)

Examines the sequential patterns of behavior which are characteristic of the preschool child's exploration and play in response to a novel stimulus. (BD)

This paper describes a system of classifying client responses in counseling interviews. The author begins his classification at Stage 1, where the client's self-evaluation and levels of independence and self-autonomy are so low he cannot admit he needs help, and delineates each stage of the client's reaction through Stage 12, the final step, where…

This study examined the effects of conversational language (e.g., asking questions, inviting replies, acknowledgments, referencing others by name, closing signatures, "I agree, but", greetings, etc.) on the frequency and types of responses posted in reply to given types of messages (e.g., argument, evidence, critique, explanation), and…

This paper discusses guidelines for devising a hierarchy when fading response prompts in training individuals with developmental disabilities. Existing guidelines are seen as poorly defined, inconsistent, and lacking both theoretical and experimental support. An alternative theoretical account is proposed which suggests that prompts in a hierarchy…

To facilitate the development of self-instructional programs for the SAGE Track Monitor and Intercept Director, job characteristics were outlined in behavioral terms, including: job knowledge, decision-making, problem-solving, perception, position-motor, symbolic identification, and sequential. Task characteristics were related to the following…