Research has shown that adults can engage in cognitive offloading, whereby internal processes are offloaded onto the environment to help task performance. Here, we investigate an application of this approach with children, in particular children with poor working memory. Participants were required to remember and recall sequences of colors by…

Previous work regarding a counterintuitive benefit of increasing distractors on episodic long-term memory (LTM) has suggested that retrieval of memoranda in working memory (WM) after attention has been distracted may confer benefits to episodic LTM. The current study investigated 2 conceptions of how this may occur: either as an attentional…

Preschool children divided into three age groups were trained in a stimulus-specific and response-specific seriation-of-length behavior in a typical observational learning paradigm. In three treatment conditions information given to subjects was varied; the fourth served as control. Assessment attempted to determine whether rule learning would be…

The performance of the older subjects (10 years and up) was facilitated by the organizational cues, whereas that of younger subjects was not. (Author)

Results demonstrate that the relationship between the structure of positive and negative instances within a learning series is also critical to concept learning when the concepts are presented in a nondimensioned way. (Authors/CB)

Deficits in position memory particularly seemed to be the major distinguishing variable between normals and retardates in the present study. (Authors)

The notion of optimality is often invoked informally in the literature on metacognitive control. We provide a precise formulation of the optimization problem and show that optimal time allocation strategies depend critically on certain characteristics of the learning environment, such as the extent of time pressure, and the nature of the uptake…

Study shows that there are differences in the information-processing capacities of touch and vision and that these differences are influenced by a variety of factors. (Author)

Absolute judgment may be characterized as a special case of paired-associate learning in which the stimuli and responses are ordered, and responses are assigned to stimuli in serial order. (Authors)

Four forms of an achievement test were administered to fourth graders using two item orders and two response locations. While performance differences were noted between sexes in speed tests, handedness was not a significant factor; easy-to-difficult question order produced higher scores. (JD)

Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA) may yield different solutions under permutations of the input order of the data. This instability is caused by ties, either in the initial proximity matrix or arising during agglomeration. The authors recommend to repeat the analysis on a large number of random permutations of the rows and columns…