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Shorter Average Look Durations to Dynamic Social Stimuli Are Associated with Higher Levels of Autism Symptoms in Young Autistic Children
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Major, Samantha; Isaev, Dmitry; Grapel, Jordan; Calnan, Todd; Tenenbaum, Elena; Carpenter, Kimberly; Franz, Lauren; Howard, Jill; Vermeer, Saritha; Sapiro, Guillermo; Murias, Michael; Dawson, Geraldine – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2022
Prior eye-tracking studies involving autistic individuals have focused on total looking time or proportion of looking time to key regions of interest. These studies have not examined another important feature, the ability to sustain attention to stimuli. In particular, the ability to sustain attention to a dynamic social stimulus might reflect…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Attention, Visual Stimuli
Gastrointestinal Problems Are Associated with Increased Repetitive Behaviors but Not Social Communication Difficulties in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Chakraborty, Payal; Carpenter, Kimberly L. H.; Major, Samantha; Deaver, Megan; Vermeer, Saritha; Herold, Brianna; Franz, Lauren; Howard, Jill; Dawson, Geraldine – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2021
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder are more likely than typically developing individuals to experience a range of gastrointestinal abnormalities, including chronic diarrhea, constipation, food sensitivities, and abdominal pain. These gastrointestinal symptoms have been associated with higher levels of irritability and aggressive behavior,…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Human Body, At Risk Persons
Measuring Repetitive Behaviors as a Treatment Endpoint in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Scahill, Lawrence; Aman, Michael G.; Lecavalier, Luc; Halladay, Alycia K.; Bishop, Somer L.; Bodfish, James W.; Grondhuis, Sabrina; Jones, Nancy; Horrigan, Joseph P.; Cook, Edwin H.; Handen, Benjamin L.; King, Bryan H.; Pearson, Deborah A.; McCracken, James T.; Sullivan, Katherine Anne; Dawson, Geraldine – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2015
Restricted interests and repetitive behaviors vary widely in type, frequency, and intensity among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. They can be stigmatizing and interfere with more constructive activities. Accordingly, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors may be a target of intervention. Several standardized…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Behavior Problems, Repetition
The Relationship between Early Neural Responses to Emotional Faces at Age 3 and Later Autism and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescents with Autism
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Neuhaus, Emily; Jones, Emily J. H.; Barnes, Karen; Sterling, Lindsey; Estes, Annette; Munson, Jeff; Dawson, Geraldine; Webb, Sara J. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2016
Both autism spectrum (ASD) and anxiety disorders are associated with atypical neural and attentional responses to emotional faces, differing in affective face processing from typically developing peers. Within a longitudinal study of children with ASD (23 male, 3 female), we hypothesized that early ERPs to emotional faces would predict concurrent…
Descriptors: Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Human Body, Severity (of Disability), Cognitive Processes
Brief Report: Biochemical Correlates of Clinical Impairment in High Functioning Autism and Asperger's Disorder
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Kleinhans, Natalia M.; Richards, Todd; Weaver, Kurt E.; Liang, Olivia; Dawson, Geraldine; Aylward, Elizabeth – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2009
Amygdala dysfunction has been proposed as a critical contributor to social impairment in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The current study investigated biochemical abnormalities in the amygdala in 20 high functioning adults with autistic disorder or Asperger's disorder and 19 typically developing adults matched on age and IQ. Magnetic resonance…
Descriptors: Autism, Asperger Syndrome, Brain, Adults
Abnormal Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorders during Face Processing
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Kleinhans, Natalia M.; Richards, Todd; Sterling, Lindsey; Stegbauer, Keith C.; Mahurin, Roderick; Johnson, L. Clark; Greenson, Jessica; Dawson, Geraldine; Aylward, Elizabeth – Brain, 2008
Abnormalities in the interactions between functionally linked brain regions have been suggested to be associated with the clinical impairments observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We investigated functional connectivity within the limbic system during face identification; a primary component of social cognition, in 19 high-functioning…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Recognition (Psychology)
Characteristics Associated with Presence of Depressive Symptoms in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Sterling, Lindsey; Dawson, Geraldine; Estes, Annette; Greenson, Jessica – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
Evidence suggests that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often exhibit associated psychiatric symptoms, particularly related to depression. The current study investigated whether individual characteristics, specifically, severity of ASD symptoms, level of cognitive ability, and/or presence of other psychiatric disorders, are…
Descriptors: Individual Characteristics, Autism, Depression (Psychology), Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
Evidence for Latent Classes of IQ in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Munson, Jeffrey; Dawson, Geraldine; Sterling, Lindsey; Beauchaine, Theodore; Zhou, Andrew; Koehler, Elizabeth; Lord, Catherine; Rogers, Sally; Sigman, Marian; Estes, Annette; Abbott, Robert – American Journal on Mental Retardation, 2008
Autism is currently viewed as a spectrum condition that includes strikingly different severity levels; IQ is consistently described as one of the primary aspects of the heterogeneity in autism. To investigate the possibility of more than one distinct subtype of autism based on IQ, both latent class analysis and taxometrics methods were used to…
Descriptors: Autism, Intelligence Quotient, Severity (of Disability), Nonverbal Ability
Variation in Early Developmental Course in Autism and Its Relation with Behavioral Outcome at 3-4 Years of Age
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Werner, Emily; Dawson, Geraldine; Munson, Jeffrey; Osterling, Julie – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2005
The aims of the present study were to describe variations in the early course of development in autism by utilizing an in-depth parent interview that incorporated techniques to improve accuracy of parent recall, and to examine the relation between variations in early developmental course in autism and behavioral outcome at 3-4 years of age. The…
Descriptors: Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Child Development, Young Children, Interviews