Elementary education is critical as it lays the foundation for learning, critical thinking, social and emotional development, individual growth, and self-confidence. Hence, studying the elementary students' educational progress is immensely important. This manuscript aims to investigate the factors that impact elementary students' academic…

Since the National Reading Panel report and passage of No Child Left Behind, one particular reading instrument, "Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills" (DIBELS), has gained nationwide attention. As a result, DIBELS has been used in thousands of schools across the nation as a means of early identification, intervention, and…

This study explored student-level predictors of reading achievement among third grade regular education students. Predictors included student demographics (sex and socioeconomic status (SES), using free and reduced lunch as proxy for SES), direct observations of reading skills (oral reading fluency (ORF) and word decoding skill (nonsense word…