Little is known about how children and adolescents evaluate unequal teacher allocations of leadership duties based on ethnicity-race and gender in the classroom. U.S. boys and girls, White (40.7%), Multiracial (18.5%), Black/African American (16.0%), Latine (14.2%), Asian (5.5%), Pacific Islander (0.4%), and other (4.7%) ethnic-racial backgrounds,…

The present study compared 5-and 10-year-old North American and Israeli children's beliefs about the objectivity of different categories (n = 109). Children saw picture triads composed of two exemplars of the same category (e.g., two women) and an exemplar of a contrasting category (e.g., a man). Children were asked whether it would be acceptable…

Fifty-seven first and second graders were shown pictures of people in various traditional, nontraditional, and neutral occupations and activities and were tested for recognition memory in order to examine the relationship between children's gender attitudes and memories. (CM)

Challenges the view that the cognitive-developmental level of preschool children prevents them from attaining gender constancy. Reviews shortcomings in procedures previously used to assess gender constancy. Reports on a study which uses a new measure of gender constancy and a new test of children's genital knowledge. (PCB)

Ability to identify the sexes, understanding of gender group membership, temporal stability of gender, and gender consistency over situational changes were assessed in a sample of 61 boys and girls of 3-5 years of age. Findings suggested that only a rudimentary understanding of gender is acquired by children before the sex-typing process begins.…

Examined sex-typing in child personality, interests, and activities as function of traditionality of parents' gender role attitudes and sex composition of sibling dyads. Found that sex-typing was most evident in children's interests and activities. Differences in children's sex-typing as a function of fathers' attitudes and sibling sex…

Examines children's understanding of gender permanence and the genital basis of gender as distinct stages in the development of a gender identity. Subjects were 237 Swedish children aged 3 to 10 years. (CM)

A total of 73 children seven to eight years of age were videotaped as they interacted with a sibling in cooperative, competitive, and neutral situations. It was concluded that children's experience of the sibling relationship varies systematically with sibling status. (Author/RH)

Assesses the potential for birth order by age, sex, and income-interaction effects in the area of cooperative/competitive social orientation in a sample of 105 children. Results revealed birth order by sex and birth order by income-interaction effects. Implications are discussed. (Author/RH)