This study examined students at two different age levels to determine if those forced into having valid expectations tended to exhibit increased motivation and, by extention, improved performance. Motivation was determined by measuring both student performance and the time spent on the performance task. Eighty students from two grade levels (six…

This study explores a range of issues characterizing prisonization research based on male populations but does so utilizing cross-sectional questionnaire data gathered from 172 female felons and misdemeanants incarcerated in a prison for women in the southeastern United States. The analysis concentrates on three major issues: (1) the relation of…

Examines the vocational aptitude patterns of males and females and Blacks and Whites. Work samples from the Micro-TOWER System of Vocational Evaluation were used to assess verbal, numerical, clerical perception, motor, and spatial aptitudes. Many differences were revealed of which counselors should be aware. (Author)

Subjects were 26 female three-, four- and five-year-old children who free-played four different sets, each containing a culturally-defined feminine, masculine and neutral toy. A same- or opposite-sex adult was either present or absent during play. Results included the following: (1) girls played longer than boys with feminine and neutral toys,…

Examined was the relationship between personal space and sex roles. Feminine females (N=25), androgynous females (N=25) and masculine males (N=25) viewed a film of male and female approaching stimulus persons in distress and non-distress conditions. Subjects marked the Comfortable Interpersonal Distance Scale at the point where they would prefer…

Examines the effects of individual goal structures on the intra- and interpersonal behavior of 120 fourth-grade children. Both boys and girls appeared to adopt the evaluations of their work given by the experimenter and appeared to be influenced thereby in later prize-giving to themselves and to others. (Author)

This study of workers' satisfaction with their supervisors found, contrary to popular belief, that female supervisors received significantly higher scores on most of the variables considered. The article explores a number of myths about females as supervisors that are contradicted by the findings. (Author)

Women's lower achievement level in professions is explained by the Multiple Role Negotiation perspective as resulting from difficulty in balancing the "active," demanding roles of wife/mother and a high-level professional role. The findings reveal that neither males nor females perceive the female familial role as the "more active." (Author)

This research paper examines the meaningfulness of sex differences in the Allport, Vernon and Lindzey (AVL) Study of Values Scale and in selected scales of the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory (SCII), using somewhat diverse groups of men and women. By comparing men's and women's scores on the two measures, it was found that little accuracy in…

The effects of the sex of the respondent and of the sexual history of the victim on reactions to rape victims were examined. Newspaper accounts described a rape and related some of the victim's testimony at the trial of the accused rapist. The victim's testimony was varied as follows: no information on her sexual history, information on sexual…

Picture stimuli depicting females and males working together were shown to college students by either a male or a female experimenter. Subjects' responses to the pictures were assessed using standard need achievement scoring. A significant interaction was obtained between sex of subject and sex of experimenter, such that higher need achievement…

Videotaped vignettes of two 35-year old women and two 20-year old women who portrayed problems about the fear of rape, existential anxiety, choice of a college major in social work, or choice of a college major in engineering were shown to 88 male/female counselors. Results indicated that the two personal-social problems were rated as more serious…

Commuter students completed the Interpersonal Conflict Questionnaire which asked about four interactions involving hostility ranging from silent anger to physical violence. Results showed that intense episodes typically occurred longer ago, and most opponents were known for more than a year. Intense episodes were more likely to occur at one's own…

A locally-constructed family planning questionnaire and a series of personality instruments were administered to 100 sexually active, unmarried, undergraduate students (60 females, 40 males). Responses to a question of "whose responsibility is it for using birth control measures" showed that 80% of the women and 83% of the men see that…

The stereotype of women athletes in college is predominantly positive rather than negative. In one study, female athletes were seen to be strong, strong-willed, leaders, brave and healthy. In the second study, women were judged to be significantly more attractive when the interviewer was male, and males gave significantly higher ratings than…