A total of 31 three- and four-year-old children were observed at four computer tasks in order to determine the extent to which spatial knowledge and memory for the language and mechanics of programing were related. (Author/RH)

Asked 30 children aged 4 years and 30 children aged 6 years to explain what they found funny in 2 humorous pictures. Results indicated that the older children explained humor differently than the younger children and that boys recognized the humor of the visual images more easily than did girls. (MDM)

Determined the characteristics of established methods for measuring a child's self-perception and investigated the psychometric properties of Self-Perception for School Children (SPSC). Found that girls rated themselves higher on academic competence and artistic aesthetic competence, whereas boys rated themselves higher on negative behavior and…

Results indicate that preschool children are capable of making moral judgments in both apology-restitution and guilt-innocence test contexts. Age and sex are significantly related to both moral judgment measures, while intelligence and parent occupation are unrelated to both measures. (Author/RH)

Studied the recollections of preschool day care experiences of 60 early adolescents who participated in the Victoria Day Care Research Project in the early 1980s. Found that 87% remembered day care experiences. Females remembered relationships more than males. Naptime was remembered as tedious and unnecessary. The majority of remembered emotions…

A study of 1,848 Chinese children from birth through 6 years of age found that the ability of Chinese children in counting, counting backward, repeating digits, repeating reversed digits, and comparable activities was stronger than was indicated by the Stanford-Binet Scale and other data. (CB)

Examined the effects of a 10-week art appreciation curriculum on 17 preschool children's levels of self-esteem, art involvement, and art appreciation. Pre- and postintervention tests demonstrated that, as a result of the curriculum, the children's self-esteem increased and that they displayed greater interest and knowledge of art. (MDM)

A literature review describes several dimensions of cognitive styles in an effort to illustrate individual stylistic differences. Discusses the field dependence-independence dimension, taking into account age, sex, and cultural differences. Suggests that cognitive style theory needs to be structured in a broader theoretical framework. (NH)

Compared two kindergarten classrooms for variance in computer use. Found no significant difference in computer use by sex or age, but a significant increase in computer use by classroom in the second half of the 12-week project compared to the first half. Found no significant difference in the software selected. (HTH)

Examined children's cognitive style and their play in different play areas according to sex and age. Found that females played most in the physical, block, manipulative, and dramatic play areas, while males played most in block play. Four-year olds played most in physical, block, and dramatic play, while five-year olds most often chose…

Investigates whether the Piagetian forms of sensorimotor, symbolic, and constructional play--together with controlled demographics such as socioeconomic status, age, and sex--predict social-emotional variables on the Devereux Child Behavior Rating Scale. (RH)

Assumptions regarding the development of Korean children's awareness of sex-trait stereotypes derived with the SSM II, a measurement device developed on the basis of American stereotypes, were tested using a Korean Sex-Trait Stereotype Measure (KSSM), developed on the basis of Korean stereotypes. Results indicated Korean children's awareness of…

Investigated young children's social interactions with a baby in a group care setting. Observations of young children as they responded to an infant revealed differences in comforting, sharing, and cooperation according to age and sex. Also, toddlers' social interactions with the infant increased after the infant reached 18 months of age, and…

Explored nature and extent of track and field injuries of 8- and 9-year-olds and their injury prevention methods. Found that about one-third had at least one injury. About one-fourth considered their injuries serious. Most serious injuries occurred during track and field events. There were no age or gender differences in injury rates. Injury…

Examined effects of divorce and custody arrangements on Taiwanese preschoolers' emotional adjustment and gender role development 2 years after divorce. Found no differences in maladjustment of children from divorced versus two-parent families. Found children with same-sex custodial parents were better adjusted than children in custody with…