Presents and tests a theory which specifies the conditions under which adolescents shift their valuations between three sets of reference sources--fathers, mothers, and peers; the thesis incorporates components from four interpretations of parent--adolescent cleavage, summarily entitle Push, Pull, Selective Attachment, and Drift. (Author/JM)

Examines changes in level and types of support that children receive from parents, from young through middle age, using data from National Survey of Families and Households. Finds that, in general, there is no change or only a slight increase in support when children are in their twenties. Decline in all forms of support occurs after age 30. (KS)

Examines predictors of perceived and actual social support among adult siblings using data from the National Survey of Families and Households. Social support among siblings was higher for those with living sisters and for those without adult children. African Americans and respondents with lower education and income levels were less likely to be…

In contrast to findings of the 1970s that much poverty was episodic, data from an income panel study indicate that the incidence of chronic poverty increased after 1973 and accelerated in the early 1980s. Trends were sharper among African Americans and women than among whites and men. Contains 30 references. (Author/SV)

Reports on age differences in work commitment and work values among 4,567 American and 3,735 Japanese manufacturing employees. Indicates greater work commitment among older Japanese men, American men, and American women, compared to younger counterparts, and less emphasis on the importance of good pay among older Japanese men. Contains 49…

Analyzes panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey (1966-81) to determine how job experience, education, marital status, occupational characteristics, and industrial sector interact with race and gender to create gender and race gaps in earnings. Results reveal a number of complex race/gender interactions affecting income inequality.…

Concludes that the disproportionately high rates of mental illness among females cannot be accounted for by marital status and its incumbent stresses and suggests that other explanations need to be explored. (Author/AM)

Longitudinal data from the National Youth Survey indicate that, in general, social control variables, such as attachment to family and educational aspirations, significantly predicted sexual activity among white adolescents, while strain variables, such as perceived inability to achieve educational goals, predicted sexual behavior of black…

Survey responses from a national sample of 1,195 nonunion, nonfarm workers suggest that corporations legitimize themselves by appealing to occupational identities of high-status workers, whereas unions legitimize themselves by appealing to social background identities (ethnic, racial, and gender identities) of low-status workers. Prounion…

Analyses of National Longitudinal Survey data indicate that cognitive skill level affects access to high-skill occupations and earnings. Lower cognitive skill levels for African Americans and U.S.-born Mexican Americans explain a substantial proportion of income differences between these groups and European Americans but not the gender gap in pay…

Among 4,971 young children of mothers in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, those from the Deep South scored lowest on a measure of receptive vocabulary. Differences for girls and boys were related to regional variations in maternal race/ethnicity, but boys' differences were also partly explained by regional subculture, maternal…

Analysis of North Carolina survey data indicates that females' average hourly wages were 71% of males', and blacks' wages were 78% of whites'. Human capital factors (educational attainment and occupational experience) explained 31% and 3% of the racial and gender gaps, respectively. Job gender composition explained 56% of the gender gap; job…

Longitudinal data on over 2,000 students, beginning in seventh grade, were used to examine mobility patterns among instructional tracks over students' high school careers. Results indicate considerably more track mobility than is typically assumed. Most track changes occurred in the later grades and were related to gender, race, and family income.…

Analysis of data from national surveys of majority ethnic groups in Romania and Bulgaria examined the effects on tolerance toward minority groups of education, community ethnic composition, urbanism, age, gender, perceived threat to national security from the minority group's homeland, democratic values, and prevailing political ideology. Contains…