The pattern of honors degrees awarded in British universities in 1967, 1978, and 1979 shows women receiving lower percentages of both top and weakest honors degrees. Various explanations are considered, and it is concluded that the answer is in the differences in distribution of ability measured by intelligence tests. (MSE)

A survey of 244 British university undergraduates in biology, computer science, and English investigated attitudes about various uses of animals, including killing animals to make luxury clothing, killing of animals for food, general and medical research using animals, and captivity. Response differences by discipline, gender, and age were also…

The survey of 565 doctoral students at the University of Tennessee (Knoxville) found that doctoral students who had experienced a close working relationship with a faculty member had a fuller education than their counterpoints who had not. There was no evidence that males were more likely to be mentored than females. (Author/DB)

Statistical analysis was conducted of offerings by universities in England and Wales to students admitted conditional to achievement of specific grades on A-level examinations. Disciplines included in analysis were electrical engineering, English, mathematics, sociology. Admissions conditional on future achievement were examined for differences…

Available research evidence indicates that the process of menstruation has no effect on academic performance as measured by quantitative tests, and that subjective complaints of paramenstrual dysfunction originate in socially mediated beliefs rather than any objective impairment. The consequences for higher education institutions and student…

The Approaches to Studying Inventory (ASI) measures orientations to learning in higher education. Two studies used different forms of the ASI to investigate possible gender variation in approaches to studying. No consistent evidence of significant difference between men and women on individual items, subscales, or learning orientations was found.…

A meta-ethical questionnaire based on Perry's model was devised and implemented together with an ethics education program at the Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences at the University of Glasgow. Results indicated that students' meta-ethical development is a natural process in young adulthood, though male students progressed later than female…

The study of about 5000 1980 British university graduates found that the most favorable remuneration is by those who achieved a high class of degree, studied a vocational subject, obtained a professional qualification, avoided unemployment, and who work in London or overseas. Gender and social factors were also suggested. (Author/MLW)

A study investigated differences in ways that male and female supervisors (n=7) of undergraduate research in a British university approach supervision and the student-supervisor relationship. Results reveal contrasting ways of working and some differences in use of language to describe and discuss the practice of supervision, suggesting gender may…

The extent to which financial aid has influenced higher education enrollment in Sweden is examined, drawing on data about four cohorts of college students from 1970 to 1990. Results suggest that financial aid has had a significant positive impact on enrollment and affected enrollment differences between socioeconomic groups and genders.…

It is argued that values internalized in the course of female socialization, domestic responsibilities, and institutional reward structures based on the male life cycle negatively affects the career patterns of academic women. Female part-time faculty are less likely than males to make the transition to full-time positions. (Author/MLW)

A British study compared the experiences of female physics undergraduates and male English undergraduates, both minority groups, and found that, although the female students were considered a minority group, the male students were treated as individuals. It is argued that the responsibility for change lies with the institution, not with students.…

Results of a study of the significance of a variety of social and economic factors, including knowledge of the labor market, on new college student subject area and career preferences are reported. Differences found among subject areas and between men and women are noted, and the implications of the study's findings for curriculum development are…

Human capital theories are examined. Both economic and political influences are cited, and further study of the struggle of mostly male worker groups pursuing industrial and professional interests in the workplace and training system is suggested. (MSE)

Changes in the demand for entry to university education by mature students in the period 1974-80 are examined in terms of numbers of applications, subject choice, and chance of success in application. It concludes that mature applicants have not been as successful in obtaining university places as have conventional students. (Author/MLW)