Analysis of the mental factors of seventh grade students indicates that numerical facility and perceptual speed are a single factor at this age level and that no purely verbal factor exists. Seven clearly differentiated factors are found for males and five for females. (Author/WY)

This paper offers a detailed review of the literature concerning sex differences in the learning of mathematics. It identifies cognitive, affective and educational variables which have been either shown or hypothesized to contribute to sex-related differences in mathematics learning. The author analyzes each study in detail. One important finding…

Administered the Raven Progressive Matrices (RPM) to (N=408) individuals in 100 family groups. Scores on all five subtests were highest in the 18-26 age group, decreasing with age. Males scored higher on each subtest in each age group. Performance on the RPM increased with additional years of education. (Author)

Construct organization was inferred from subjects' responses to a specially modified implication grid. Both developmental predictions and the validity of grid measures received excellent support from the analysis of children's theories of their peers as a function of their own age, sex and verbal intelligence. (Author)

Results of seventh-grade students taking Scholastic Aptitude Test indicate that, by age 13, a large sex difference in mathematical reasoning ability exists; among students scoring greater than 700, boys outnumbered girls 13 to 1. Hypothesized factors thought to influence the difference (such as course taking, attitudes) were not supported by data…