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Block, Jeanne H. – Child Development, 1983
The sex-differentiated socialization emphases of parents and other representatives of societal institutions are considered as they influence personality development and behavioral orientations. Such emphases, shaping behaviors, and teaching styles are evaluated with regard to the nature of "meta-messages" conveyed to children. (Author/RH)
Descriptors: Achievement, Aggression, Anxiety, Child Rearing
Zahn-Waxler, Carolyn – 1987
Early personality and environmental characteristics that predict later problematic aggression and depression in children were investigated longitudinally. A developmental psychopathology approach was taken. (This approach assumes that patterns of adaptation and maladaptation in development can best be understood when explored simultaneously and…
Descriptors: Aggression, Antisocial Behavior, Depression (Psychology), Infants
Martin, James C. – BIA Education Research Bulletin, 1978
In an effort to determine if Indian and white adolescents differed in their choice of defense mechanisms, a random sampling of tenth, eleventh and twelfth grade students from 22 Oklahoma public schools were given the Defense Mechanism Inventory. Scores for 170 Indian students and 197 white students assessed five categories of defenses: turning…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Age Differences, Aggression, American Indians