Female and male children, 67 to 114 months of age, rated perceived relative competence of male and female stimulus persons who were depicted as engaging in sex-stereotyped professions. Results suggest that sex-role stereotypes are transmitted to children quite early in life and with remarkable efficiency and significant impact. (Author/KH)

Assessed 25-month-old girls' and boys' immediate and delayed recall of sequences depicting female-stereotyped, male-stereotyped, and gender-neutral activities. Girls showed equivalent recall of all sequence types. Boys showed better recall of male- than female-stereotyped sequences, and equivalent recall of male-stereotyped and gender-neutral…

Several key variables in the development and assessment of young children's sex role preference are examined in this study. A sample of 257 pre-kindergarten children (mean age, 59 months) and their mothers participated in this study. After obtaining information on each child's age, IQ, and his/her mother's employment status the It Scale for…

Contrasts results of studies examining sex differences in intellectual functioning in the U.S. and Israel, in cities and on Kibbutzes. Findings indicate cross-cultural and intracultural influences challenge validity of theories that suggest a biological basis for sex differences in intellectual abilities. (SA)

A sample of 355 first-, third-, and fifth-grade children from a middle-class school were asked to rate each of 40 adult occupations as male, female, or neutral, in terms of their attitudes about which sex has the abilities to do each job. (Author/JMB)

Sex-typed preferences and gender constancy were assessed at ages four through eight years on a cross section of 819 urban children. Findings verified that sex-stereotyped preferences are highly developed among young children, and that, by age five, most children accurately attribute sex-stereotyped preferences to peers of the opposite sex.…

Developed the Gender Stereotyping Test, a sorting task that identifies the type of information used by young children to assign objects or qualities to each sex. Found that 4-year olds with knowledge of gender identity were more likely to gender type metaphorical, but not conventional, items than children without stable, constant gender identity.…

Two experiments examined toddlers' knowledge of the stereotyping of traditionally feminine and masculine household activities. Results suggest that knowledge about stereotyping adult activities starts to develop by the age of 24 months and common household activities are among the first gender-typed activities included in children's developing…

Discusses the effects of gender differences in education and employment on the economies of countries worldwide. Stresses some strong points of the monograph reported in this issue, such as the discrimination between cognitive and affective dimensions of sex typing, and suggestions for alleviating sex stereotyping. Suggests that the monograph has…

The study, "Young Children Learning," used a sample of 30 four-year-old girls to examine children's language development, their cognitive processing, and the differential effects of home backgrounds. Discussed are the development of girls and the ideas that are being presented to them both implicitly and explicitly by home and school.…

Sex differences in the behavior of infants may have the potential for eliciting differential treatment from adults, regardless of whether or not adults consciously intend to encourage sex-differentiated behavior. The role of biologically-based sex differences in partially determining cognitive development is discussed. Availability information is…

To examine the development of sex-role stereotyping in Malaysia, 80 children were tested with the Sex Stereotype Measurement II. Results revealed that stereotyping increases with age, that the male stereotype is more easily recognized than the female, and that boys are more familiar with the male stereotype than are girls. (KH)

Explores preschoolers' expectations of adult behavior toward boys and girls, and examines systematic changes from age three to five in children's expectations of adult behavior and the extent to which children indicate acceptance or disapproval of the expected adult behavior. (Author/DB)

Tests the ability of 43 children, ranging in age from 20 months to 40 months, to discriminate between pictures of boys and girls and male and female adults. Compares children who passed this gender-task with those who failed it on three behaviors most often categorized as sex-typed: toy choice, aggression, and peer playmate selection. (HOD)

Observed play of 52 toddlers with a set of socially stereotyped masculine, feminine, and neutral toys in a day care setting over 14 months to (1) determine the age at which toddlers consistently exhibit sex-stereotyped toy choices in a natural setting and (2) investigate relation of parents' expectations and the children's own knowledge of gender…