This speech addressed itself to the variety of achievement motivations that can be critically different for men and women. The author, impressed by the different ways people cognitively define and experience a successful accomplishment, developed a taxonomy of psychological cues which people might use in defining their success. Six varieties of…

During individual interviews, each of 64 subjects, aged 8 to 14, generated a peer perception grid in which 17 supplied figures were rated on 10 individually elicited bipolar concepts. Three aspects are examined: attributional characteristics of concepts, level of differentiation between peer figures, and organizational complexity of relations…

Implications for affective education are drawn from an empirical study of 60 upper-middle socioeconomic class 6 to 15 year-olds' responses to questions asking how videotaped actors felt. Percentage frequencies of category use in tape-recorded transcripts coded by two judges revealed no differences by child's sex. Marked developmental differences…

College students' expectations regarding the physiological, psychological, and social effects of marijuana were investigated. A sample of 210 undergraduates stated their expectations about the effect of the drug by answering a series of structured-response type questions. Also, Ss provided background information related to their expectations about…

Relationships between self-esteem and cognitive biases involved in processing self-relevant information are studied. Male (N=49) and female (N=52) college students completed a series of self-esteem measures, participated in an anagram-solving task, and then answered questions concerning their standards for successful achievement and their…

The factors students consider in choosing a college major were scaled on an analytic-intuitive dimension. Differences in thinking orientation were found to be associated with students's sex, area of study, and year in school. Overall, the apparent lack of explicit rationality in student educational decisions appears to be adaptive. (Author)

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) and cluster analysis are used to represent visually a shared cognitive map of the "psychological space" of a domain of 36 death concerns. MDS solutions showed affect response structuring (acceptance/avoidance polarization) to be inversely related to degree of self-reported death anxiety, especially for males. (Author)

Several aspects of gender concept development were investigated in 60 children of mixed socioeconomic background ranging in age from three to six years. Tasks were designed to assess gender constancy, knowledge of sex-stereotypes, differential memory and preference for sex-typed material, and gender categorization. Cognitive maturity was assessed…

Demonstrates that the process of vocational development is related to cognitive development: children's choices and reasoning reflect their changing modes of understanding the world. (Author)

This study explored sex differences in the Future Temporal Perspectives (FTP) of children. The influences of age, social class and intelligence were also investigated, or FTP was generally believed to be affected by them. Subjects were 96 boys and 96 girls, selected from 26 schools in Nova Scotia, from three age groups: 9.6-11.0, 12.0-13.6, and…

The purpose of this study was to collect data from which the cognitive processes of the prekindergarten child could be analyzed. The study population consisted of 53 subjects, 3-1/2-4-1/2 years old. Kindergarten Evaluation of Learning Potential (KELP) was used to obtain data. The learning theory on which KELP is based postulates associative,…